EN
The article examines individualism as a kind of social organization typical for the modern societies. Although individualism is mostly analyzed as an ideology or the methodological approach, the author outlines how the individual becomes a model category for the social institutions and processes. Contrary to the ideological expectations the individual did not prove to be an appropriate category for social organization and that is why the sociological theory of individualism is needed. The main problem of social individualism resides in misunderstanding of the social elements and its functions, and consequently also in realization of the individual's sociality. These misunderstandings cause the apparent paradoxes, or dual face of the contemporary individualism, which represents e. g. phenomena of conformity, uncertainty, ambiguity and social exclusion. Rethinking individualism requires rethinking of the principles of the creating social groups and institutions. The central quality of the social groups became collectiveness as a result of the individualistic constructive processes and institutionalization of egalitarianism. Individualistic social organization represents specific kind of the social structure and processes.