EN
The paper concerns archaeology of childhood, i.e. archaeological study of the category of childhood, considered in comparison to gender archeology, since the essence and trajectories of these two subdisciplines, as well as causes of their relatively long absence in archaeological discourse, seem to be similar. First, the author analyzes reasons for the marginalization of issues related to children and childhood in archeology, stressing a number of anachronistic statements and myths present in archaeological interpretations that shape the dominant image of the child in prehistory. Second, he present the development of childhood studies in archeology, emphasize their specificity and indicate key problems. In conclusion, the author points out the heuristic potential of the concepts/categories of the child and childhood in archaeological research.