EN
Based on an analysis of the so-called topoi (loci communes) in the Latin milieu (meaning 'pagans sitting on the ground while eating') and Byzantine milieu (meaning 'drinking from the skull-goblet of a defeated enemy'), not all topoi should be regarded a mere literary constant, as the literary scholarship declares with regard to Curtius' definition. It is necessary to distinguish between really constant characteristics of the topos, i.e. a mere literary function ('literary topos') and reality, where the topos firstly records true historical reality and secondly, when this reality is used in a different historical context in order to outline a different, new historical reality, thus being the current time testimony - in both cases, the topos is a historical resource (i.e. 'historical topos').