Enantiosémie jako výsledek vývojových procesů:

• Authors: Petr Nejedlý

Title variants

EN

Enantiosemy as a result of evolutionary processes:

DE

Enantiosemie als Ergebnis von Entwicklungsprozessen:

• Languages of publication: CS

Abstracts

EN

Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní, přiblížit, etc.) negative conceptual content through the systemic usage of the directional meaning of the prefix u-. In another example, the verb odpravit has changed its meaning from ‘to arrange regularly’ to ‘to murder’ during its own complicated semantic development (‘to make sth rightly’ → ‘to punish sb rightly’ → ‘to put sb to death’ → ‘to murder’). Finally, it is shown that the meanings ‘to love’ and ‘to hate’ of the Old Czech verb náviděti have become the result of a double progressive artificially-created opposition to the initial common Slavic nenáviděti – the previous concept, presented both in linguistic and in popular literature on its polysemy, is thus incorrect.

Keywords

CS

lingvistika; etymologie; sémantika; slovní zásoba; tvoření slov; lexikologie; vývoj jazyka; enantiosémie

EN

linguistics; etymology; semantics; vocabulary; lexicology; history of language; enantiosemy; word-formation; language development

Discipline

• PHILOLOGY_&_LINGUISTICS: PHILOLOGY & LINGUISTICS

• Publisher: Institute of the Czech Language, Czech Academy of Sciences
• Journal: Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 75
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 181-192
• Document type: ARTICLE

Contributors

author

Petr Nejedlý

• Slovo a slovesnost, redakce, Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, v.v.i., Letenská 4, 118 51 Praha 1, Czech Republic