EN
Psychoanalytical criticism has been dominated by two interpretative discourses that descend from Freud's classical psychoanalysis. This article presents an alternative to the post-Freudian consensus in the form of a new paradigm based on the insights and ideas of Erich Fromm. While the first of the two post-Freudian approaches is concerned with identifying the unconscious desire believed to hold a hermeneutical key to the understanding of the text, the other sees the work as a crystallization of unconscious structures of the mind. The third, alternative approach views the work as a manifestation of the idol against the background of the social unconscious.