EN
This article sets forth the analysis of significant properties of the processing of linguistic information and mental processing of information on the world. Consequently, a thesis has been advanced according to which the structure of both processes has certain cognitive elements in common, namely inductive and deductive reasoning. Moreover, it has been suggested that the above mentined types of reasoning are activated in the processing of both linguistic information and knowledge on the world and serve analogous purposes, namely a) the purpose of simplifying the identification of linguistic information and information of the world reaching the cognitive system; b) the purpose of simplifying the acquistion of this type of information from the long-term memory resources; and c) the purposes of imporving mental operations performed on the premises of reasoning. However, unlike the processing of information on the world, the linguistic information processing is subject to specific linguistic knowledge. At the same time, linguistic knowledge establishes relations with the knowledge on the other spheres of reality. This type of interdependence is shaped as the words activate both the knowledge on language and the concepts concerning the elements of the world.