EN
Contrary to appearances, childhood and adolescence are not only biological phenomena, but also, by any measure, something historical. As a result, they can and must be considered in the context of democracy. The article is divided into four parts. First, the authors recall that in the Greek paideia, childhood was barely subject to any consideration and that it was only in the Renaissance that there were changes in the concept of man, which led to the crystallization of the concept of modern childhood and youth. The second section reconstructs the meaning of the terms 'childhood' and 'adolescence' in the views of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The theme of the third part is the historicity of childhood, adolescence and adulthood, which the authors discuss against the backdrop of Neil Postman's thesis on the disappearance of childhood and adulthood. In the fourth and final section, the authors attempt - first of all - to clarify what really is disappearing forever, and what is lasting, despite transformation, and, secondly, to indicate the central issues in the relationship between childhood, adolescence, and democracy.