EN
The history of Cracow (Kraków) during the period preceding the outbreak of the WW I and in the year 1914 is considered from many view points. It is stressed that this relatively small county town in Western Galicia, albeit with a university, turned into a metropolis thanks to its autonomous status and quite possibly mainly due to its brilliant administrators. It became an sprawling, industrialised urban centre, exuding a new spirit (Young Poland) and modernity, and finally a wartime fortress, one of the most prominent along the peripheries of the Empire. After the WW I it managed to become one of the foremost towns of the Second Republic, although quite different from the capital of Warsaw and even more so from Poznan or Gdansk. Apparently, only Lvov, Cracow's 'eternal' greatest competitor, could bear comparison.