EN
The present article focuses on the function of Jewish literary surnames in two novels by Thomas Mann ('Buddenbrooks' and 'Der Zauberberg' ('The Magic Mountain')). The first part outlines the main problems connected with Christian-Jewish controversies that appear in specific, often polemic usage of Jewish surnames in literature. The second part describes the means of functioning of Jewish surnames in the cited novels by Thomas Mann and presents a means of restoring these anthroponyms in translations into Polish. In the third part analysis is undertaken of the losses that are connected with the process of translation itself, as well as those which result from erroneous reduction of the author's polemic intent as it applies to surnames.