EN
Tipu Sultan of Mysore, Mughal Empire (1782 ‒ 99) and Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia (1855 ‒ 68) were regnant rulers who wished to modernise their respective realms with the help of Western powers. Tipu sought French assistance to fight the British and Tewodros sought British military and technical aid to ward off Ottoman menace from Ethiopia’s northern borders as well as to subdue the intractable domestic feudal warlords with a view to unifying and stabilising his fledgling empire. Both demanded to be treated by their preferred donor countries as equals. However, they failed to achieve their ends and collided with the British ‒ Tipu Sultan against the British East India Company and Tewodros against Queen Victoria’s (1837 ‒ 1901) government. Consequently, both rulers lost the battle and their lives, the causes of their defeat and downfall being, inter alia, their personality traits and their lack of understanding of Anglo-French diplomatic and colonial complications.