EN
The article deals with the issue of financial crisis, which has been a dominant society-wide topic for more than six years. The authors discuss Roman depositum and mutuum, or the deposit and loan for use. It looks at the history of these institutes and explains their nature in the light of present bank account agreement. Contrary to supporters of bank fractional reserve demand deposits, the article explains that such agreement (treating loans and deposits interchangeably) is impermissible due to a priori legal and economic principles.