EN
There is a generally accepted view in evolutionary linguistics that our modern language was preceded by a protolanguage. Its characteristics can be inferred from contemporary use of language. This method is based on the assumption that preceding states of language has fossils in modern language, especially in its disrupted (pidgin speakers, feral children, aphasics) or undeveloped (early child language, human language learnt by apes) forms. In my review I present aphasic symptoms which can be handled as fossils of earlier linguistic stages. Before that I introduce the two main theories about protolanguage: the synthetic and the holistic views. Then I will explore the question what aphasic phenomena these theories regard as protolinguistic fossils. I will emphasize the neurological aspects of the problem.