Halsztacka klamra do pasa z cmentarzyska kultury łużyckiej w Niezgodzie, stanowisko 1, pow. trzebnicki

• Authors: Katarzyna Ibragimow

Title variants

EN

A HALLSTATT SUB-LOZENGIC BELT HOOK FROM THE LUSATIAN CULTURE CEMETERY AT NIEZGODA, SITE 1, DISTR. TRZEBNICA

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Cemeteries of Lusatian Culture and Przeworsk Culture identified in the early 1960s at Niezgoda, distr. Trzebnica, site 1 (Fig. 1) were excavated over a number of seasons (1960-1966, and later). More than 200 graves of Lusatian Culture and some 110 features of Przeworsk Culture were investigated (Kaletyn 1962, p. 300-302; Błażejewski 1998). Despite the scale of the fieldwork and substantial size of the cemeteries the results of this research are known only from a small number of very brief reports; the documentation from the fieldwork was broken up, similarly as the majority of the small finds from the Lusatian urnfield. The belt hook of interest (Fig. 2) probably originates from grave no. 30, excavated in 1960 or 1961. It is sub-lozengic in shape. One of its terminals is a hook, its opposite end is split in the form of a swallow’s (or dove’s) tail (schwalbenschwanzformiges Ende). Made of iron, with a length of approximately 10.5-11 cm, the belt book has numerous analogies in Poland, e.g., from Bystrzyca, distr. Oława, grave no. 7 (Fig. 3:1), and from Trzebnik, distr. Dzierżoniów (Fig. 3:2); a specimen with a slightly differently shaped terminal is recorded at Bystrzyca, distr. Oława, grave 2 (Fig. 3:4) and at Czekanów, distr. Ostrów Wielkopolski (Fig. 3:3). Belt hooks of similar construction were recorded at Lubiatowo, distr. Śrem, and Gutów, distr. Ostrów Wielkopolski. Some specimens were in bronze, e.g., the finds from Ligota Samborowa, distr. Strzelce (Fig. 4:1), and from Łany Małe, distr. Zawiercie (Fig. 4:2). The bronze belt hooks often had an ornamented surface. The most evident analogies to the belt hook from Niezgoda were traced to the Hallstatt cultures (Fig. 6). According to J. Kostrzewski (1922, p. 51) and M. Gedl (1991, p. 83), when discovered in Poland, this form of belt fastening is either an import or on imitation of Hallstatt models. The largest concentration of these forms is observed in e.g., south Bavaria, the upper Danube and the Rhine (Kossack 1959, Plate 154, C; Torbrügge 1979, p. 88-89), and also, in the Sava Basin in Slovenia (Röhrig 1994, p. 54; Stöllner 2002, Map 36). The largest number of finds in south Germany is observed e.g., in Upper and Lower Bavaria (Fig. 5:5, 7), and in Upper Palatinate (Fig. 5:1, 2, 8). A slightly smaller number is known from Middle and Upper Franconia. Definitely the largest number of analogies was identified in the material from the cemetery at Hallstatt, Upper Austria (Fig. 5:4, 6). They include a dozen-odd specimens with a swallowtail terminal (some of them ornamented), with a lateral bar, as a rule, round-sectioned, with knobs at the ends, or alternately, with a rectangular plate with three rivets. Other analogies are known e.g., from the valley of the Upper Danube, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Individual specimens are known from Brandenburg and from Saxony. The belt hook from Niezgoda is datable approximately to HaD1. This type of belt fastening appeared in Lusatian Culture under impact from the Hallstatt environment exerted on the Silesian Group of Lusatian Culture. However, in the light of the latest discoveries made in Lower Silesia, e.g., at Domasław and Milejowice, site 19, distr. Wrocław, it would appear that this region, rather than only being subjected to Hallstatt influence in reality formed its north-eastern outlying area (Bugaj, Kopiasz 2008, 111-113; Gediga 2010). The belt hook from Niezgoda represents interesting additional input to the research on the occurrence and distribution in Silesia of this type of belt fastening during the Hallstatt Period.

Keywords

EN

HALLSTATT CULTURE; BELT HOOKS; EARLY PRE-ROMAN IRON AGE INFLUENCES

• Publisher: Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
• Journal: Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 53
• Pages: 5-17

Contributors

author

Katarzyna Ibragimow

• Stacjonarne Studia Doktoranckie Nauk o Kulturze, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. Szewska 48, 50-139 Wrocław, Poland.