EN
This text is an introductory sketch to a presentation of so-called second circulation printing in the People’s Republic of Poland. Maintained in the style of an historical essay, it depicts scenes from the life of underground printers working for the opposition both in Warsaw and in smaller centres. With the assistance of selected examples and generalising commentaries, the author shows certain motivations, stands and experience as well as the conditions of the development and infrastructure of printing. The research was conducted by applying historical methods, and the analysis embraces archival source material from the underground press and reminiscences, including accounts by the participants of the independent publishing movement. Pertinent bibliography has been reduced to historical publications, rarely supplemented with loose observations from other domains.