Экономические различия между странами и внутри стран: где они сильнее в XXI веке?

• Authors: Селиванова-Фёдорова Наталья , Тутаева Динара , Рогова Татьяна

Title variants

EN

Economic differences between countries and within them: where are they bigger in the XXI century?

LV

Ekonomiskās atšķirības starp valstīm un to iekšienē: kur tās ir lielākas 21. gadsimtā?

• Languages of publication: RU

Abstracts

RU

В научной литературе достаточно много исследований, посвящённых изучению и сравнению экономических различий между странами и между регионами внутри стран в разных макрорегионах мира и в разные периоды времени. Тем не менее, авторы данной статьи не обнаружили среди результатов этих исследований каких-либо эмпирически обоснованных сравнительных выводов об экономических различиях на внешнем межстрановом и внутреннем межрегиональном уровнях. Целью данной статьи является эмпирическая проверка двух популярных в научной литературе гипотез о территориальных экономических различиях в современном мире. Согласно первой гипотезе, экономические различия между странами в современном мире не так велики, как различия между регионами внутри стран. Согласно второй гипотезе, уменьшение экономических различий между странами связано с относительно более быстрым экономическим ростом столичных регионов. В рамках данного исследования измерение экономических различий на различных территориальных уровнях осуществляется методом сравнения коэффициентов вариации доходов населения. Источником эмпирических данных для этого исследования является база данных Субнационального Индекса развития человеческого потенциала (СИРЧП), созданная голландским Институтом управленческих исследований Университета Радбауд, которая содержит показатель доходов населения во внутренних регионах 161 страны мира за период с 2000 по 2018 год. Результаты сравнения динамики экономических различий на разных территориальных уровнях показали, что в течение двух прошедших десятилетий XXI века ни в мире в целом, ни в странах ЕС различия между регионами внутри стран не были выше, чем различия между странами. Однако начиная с 2015 года экономические различия между внутренними регионами стран ЕС стали превышать экономические различия между самими странами, что является отличительной особенностью именно Европейского Союза. В течение всего изучаемого периода XXI века как межстрановые, так и внутренние межрегиональные экономические различия внутри стран ЕС были значительно ниже, чем в мире в целом. Экономическое значение нестоличных регионов – в основном это регионы, расположенные вблизи столиц, т.е. так называемые пристоличные регионы, – в странах ЕС постепенно возрастает, хотя в настоящее время ЕС (и, вероятно, мир в целом) по-прежнему характеризуется экономическим ростом, двигателями которого являются в основном столичные регионы.

EN

In the scientific literature, there are a lot of studies devoted to the investigation and comparison of economic differences between countries and between regions within countries in different macroregions of the world and at different periods of time. However, the authors of the article did not find among the results of these studies any empirically substantiated comparative conclusions about economic differences at the intercountry and internal interregional levels. The purpose of this article is to empirically test two hypotheses popular in the scientific literature about territorial economic differences in the modern world. According to the first hypothesis, economic differences between countries in the modern world are not as large as differences between regions within countries. According to the second hypothesis, the decrease in economic differences between countries is related with relatively faster economic growth in the capital regions. Within this study, the measurement of economic differences at different territorial levels is carried out by comparing coefficients of variation of the populationís income. The source of empirical data for this study is the Sub-national Human Development Index (SHDI) database, created by the Netherlands Institute for Management Research of the Radboud Н. Селиванова-Фёдорова, Д. Тутаева, Т. Рогова. Экономические различия между.. 63 University, which contains indicators of the populationís income in the inner regions of 161 countries of the world for the period from 2000 to 2018. The results of comparing the dynamics of economic differences at different territorial levels showed that over the past two decades of the 21st century, neither in the world as a whole, nor in the EU countries, the differences between regions within countries were no thigher than the differences between countries. However, since 2015, the economic differences between the inner regions of the EU countries began to exceed the economic differences between the countries themselves, which is a distinctive feature of the European Union. During the entire studied period of the 21st century, both inter-country and internal interregional economic differences within the EU countries were significantly lower than in the world as a whole. The economic significance of non-capital regions, which are mainly the regions located near the capitals, i.e. the so-called ěnear-capitalî regions, in the EU countries is gradually increasing, although at present the EU (and, probably, the world as a whole) is still characterized by economic growth, which is based on the growth of capital regions.

LV

Zinātniskajā literatūrā ir daudz pētījumu, kas veltīti ekonomisko atšķirību izpētei un salīdzināšanai starp valstīm un starp reģioniem valstu iekšienē dažādos pasaules makroreģionos un dažādos laika periodos. Tomēr raksta autores šo pētījumu rezultātos neatrada empīriski pamatotus salīdzinošus secinājumus par ekonomiskajām atšķirībām ārējā starpvalstu un iekšējā starpreģionu līmenī. Šī raksta mērķis ir empīriski pārbaudīt divas zinātniskajā literatūra populāras hipotēzes par teritoriālajām ekonomiskajām atšķirībām mūsdienu pasaulē. Saskaņā ar pirmo hipotēzi ekonomiskās atšķirības starp valstīm mūsdienu pasaulē nav tik lielas kā atšķirības starp reģioniem valstu iekšienē. Saskaņā ar otro hipotēzi ekonomisko atšķirību samazināšanās starp valstīm ir saistīta ar relatīvi straujāku ekonomikas izaugsmi galvaspilsētu reģionos. Šī pētījuma ietvaros ekonomisko atšķirību mērīšana dažādos teritoriālajos līmeņos tiek veikta, salīdzinot iedzīvotāju ienākumu variācijas koeficientus. Šī pētījuma empīrisko datu avots ir Radbouda Universitātes Nīderlandes Menedžmenta pētījumu institūta izveidotā Subnacionālā Tautas attīstības indeksa (STAI) datu bāze, kas satur iedzīvotāju ienākumu radītājus 161 valsts iekšējos reģionos laikposmam no 2000. gada līdz 2018. gadam. Ekonomisko atšķirību dinamikas salīdzināšanas rezultāti dažādos teritoriālajos līmeņos parādīja, ka 21. gadsimta divās desmitgadēs ne pasaulē kopumā, ne ES valstīs atšķirības starp reģioniem valstu iekšienē nebija lielākas par atšķirībām starp valstīm. Tomēr kopš 2015. gada ekonomiskās atšķirības starp ES valstu iekšējiem reģioniem sāka pārsniegt ekonomiskās atšķirības starp pašām valstīm, kas ir Eiropas Savienībai raksturīga īpatnība. Visā pētītajā 21. gadsimta periodā gan starpvalstu, gan iekšējās starpreģionu ekonomiskās atšķirības ES valstīs bija ievērojami zemākas nekā pasaulē kopumā. Ne-galvaspilsētu reģionu ekonomiskā nozīme - galvenokārt tie ir reģioni, kas atrodas netālu no galvaspilsētām, t.i., tā saucamie “pie-galvaspilsētas” reģioni - ES valstīs pamazām pieaug, lai gan pašlaik Eiropas Savienībai (un, iespējams, arī visai pasaulei) joprojām ir raksturīga ekonomiskā izaugsme, galvenokārt, uz galvaspilsētu reģionu rēķina.

Keywords

RU

экономические различия; страны мира; Европейский Союз; внут-; ренние регионы; столичные регионы; коэффициент вариации

EN

economic differences; countries of the world; European Union; internal regions; capital regions; coefficient of variation

LV

ekonomiskās atšķirības; pasaules valstis; Eiropas Savienība; iekšējie reģioni; galvaspilsētu reģioni; variācijas koeficients

• Publisher: Daugavpils University, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences
• Journal: Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
• Year: 2021
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 61-77

Contributors

author

Селиванова-Фёдорова Наталья

author

Тутаева Динара

author

Рогова Татьяна

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Identifiers

DOI

10.9770/szv.2021.1(3)