EN
The problems connected with the issue of valuation in selected sections of philosophical logic were presented and the substantial elements of those sections of logic, which are taking a related view of valuation, were included as well. These problems should be preceded with remarks, which constitute the draft of the theory of valuation and values in science. In this preparatory framework the evaluative character of R. Carnap's, K.R. Popper's, and Th. S. Kuhn's methodology is stressed. These methodological theories report the process of valuation, which is present in science, and the methods of determination of the epistemic usefulness. The primary and the secondary values of science and the pluralistic conception of values should also be discussed. In this context, current discussions on the well-known thesis of axiological neutrality of science (M. Weber) should also be taken into consideration. A few essential axiological problems formulated in the perspective of philosophical logic have been considered and presented. Among them are: 1. Involved in that set of problems three sections of non-classical ( philosophical) logic; 2. The logic of absolute and comparative valuation; 3. The logical structure of valuation - four elements are distinguished here; 4. The opposition between the description and the valuation from semiotic point of view; 5. The valuation as one of the epistemic categories; 6. Formal and substantial or material conditions of the rationality of such conceptions.