Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2017 | 60 | 4 (124) | 49-68

Article title

Perfectly Imperfect — the Scottish Psalter of 1564 .

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
The return to the original languages of the Bible was one of the key tenets of the Protestant reform and the embodiment of the Renaissance cry ad fontes. The circumvention of the Septuagint and the Vulgate was, therefore, not necessarily so much an outright expression of hostility towards Rome as an articulation of a desire for fidelity to the text; hence the emergence of a plethora of new Latin translations of the original Hebrew Psalter. The Scottish metrical Psalter of 1564, which is going to be the focus of this paper, however, was not based on the Hebrew source but either on its fresh Latin renditions or, most frequently, on German and French versifications. In addition to that, the incipient text was adapted to the pre-set tunes associated with individual Psalms. Consequently, the requirements of rhythm and rhyme — both these obtaining in English and those which had influenced the German and French versified Psalms — were prioritised over the fidelity of the rendition. In spite of that, the Scottish Kirk accorded it the status of the liturgical text, and members of the Congregation immediately embraced it, taking the psalms from the churches to their homes and meeting places, so psalm singing became a ubiquitous activity. At the same time, the text of the Scottish Psalter was felt to be imperfect and several attempts at improving it were undertaken, but the ministers demurred. The paper sets out to explain the popularity the Scottish Psalter enjoyed despite its manifold imperfections.

Year

Volume

60

Issue

Pages

49-68

Physical description

Dates

published
2017

Contributors

  • Katedra Historii Języka Angielskiego i Translatoryki, Instytut Filologii Angielskiej Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych KUL

References

  • Aejmelaeus Anneli (2001), Characterizing Criteria for the Characterization of the Septuagint Translators: Experimenting on the Greek Psalter [in:] The Old Greek Psalter. Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma, eds. R.J.V. Hiebert, C.E. Cox, P.J. Gentry, Academic Press, Sheffield.
  • Ambrose of Milan (1962), Commentary on the Psalms, Corpus Scriptorum Ec-clesiasticorum Latinorum 64:7 Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York–London, ET of S Ambrosis Opera Pars VI Explanatio Psalmorum XII, eds. M. Petschenig, F. Tempsky, Vienna, G. Freytag, Leipzig, 1913, http://www.archive.org/details/corpusscriptorum64ambruoft [access: 20 June 2017].
  • Anderson James M. (2011), Daily Life During the Reformation, Greenwood, Santa Barbara–Denver–Oxford.
  • Austern Linda Phyllis, Kari Boyd McBride, David L. Orvis (2011), Introduction [in:] Psalms in the Early Modern World, eds. L.P. Austern, K.B. McBride, D.L. Orvis, Ashgate, Farnham–Burlington.
  • Barton John (2013), Postscript [in:] Jewish and Christian Approaches to the Psalms. Conflict and Convergence, ed. S. Gillingham, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Beichner Paul E. (1965), Aurora Petri Rigae. Biblia Versificata: A verse Com-mentary on the Bible, vol. 1, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame.
  • Bellinger William H. Jr. (2014), Psalms and the Question of Genre [in:] The Ox-ford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Benson Louis Fitzgerald (1909), John Calvin and the Psalmody of the Reformed Churches, The Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia.
  • Bott Travis J. (2014), Praise and Metonymy in the Psalms [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Brown William P. (2002), Seeing the Psalms: A Theology of Metaphor, West-minster John Knox, Louisville.
  • Brown William P. (2014), The Psalms: An Overview [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Bursill-Hall Geoffrey L. (1977), Teaching Grammars of the Middle Ages: Notes on the Manuscript Tradition, “Historiographica Linguistica”, vol. 4.
  • Camargo Martin (1996), “Si dictare velis”: Versified Artes dictandi and Late Medieval Writing Pedagogy, “Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric”, vol. 14, no. 3.
  • Casanellas Pere (2014), Medieval Catalan Translations of the Bible [in:] Les veus de sagrat, eds. X. Terrado, F. Sabaté, Pagès Ed, Lleida.
  • Charzyńska Wójcik Magdalena (2013), Text and Context in Jerome’s Psalters: Prose Translations into Old, Middle and Early Modern English, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin.
  • Charzyńska Wójcik Magdalena (2014), The Secrets of a Sixteenth-Century Psalter: In Praise of Circumstances, “Language and Literary Studies of Warsaw” no. 4.
  • Charzyńska Wójcik Magdalena (2016), Going Dutch on the Scottish borders… of the Psalter [in:] Scottish Culture: Dialogue and Self-Expression, eds. A. Korzeniowska, I. Szymańska, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper, War-szawa.
  • Charzyńska Wójcik Magdalena (in prep.), The Matter of Music — A Note on the Scottish Psalter from 1564.
  • Clair Colin (1976), A History of European Printing, Academic Press, London–New York–San Francisco.
  • Creach Jerome F.D. (2014), The Righteous and the Wicked [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Critten Rory G. (2015), Practising French Conversation in Fifteenth-Century England, “The Modern Language Review”, vol. 110, no. 4.
  • Cummings Brian (2002), The Literary Culture of the Reformation: Grammar and Grace, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Daley Brian S. J. (2003), Finding the Right Key: The Aims and Strategies of Ear-ly Christian Interpretation of the Psalms [in:] Psalms in Community: Jew-ish and Christian Textual, Liturgical, and Artistic Traditions, eds. H.W. Attridge, M.E. Fassler, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta.
  • Dearnley Elizabeth (2016), Translators and Their Prologues in Medieval Eng-land, D.S. Brewer, Cambridge.
  • De Claissé-Walford Nancy L. (2013), On Translating the Poetry of the Psalms [in:] Jewish and Christian Approaches to the Psalms: Conflict and Con-vergence, ed. S. Gillingham, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Dickie Robert J. (2013), The history of the Scottish Metrical Psalter, address at a meeting of the Scottish Reformation Society — Stornoway, 11th Janu-ary 2013, http://sing-the-psalms.webs.com/History%20of%
  • 20the%20psalter%20-%20address%20at%20SRS%20Stornoway%
  • 2011jan2013%20(1).pdf [access: 21 June 2017].
  • Dobbs-Allsopp F. W. (2014), Poetry of the Psalms [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Doctrinale puerorum, http://www.textmanuscripts.com/tm-assets/tm-descriptions/descriptions-traces-apr/tm-871-doctrinale.pdf [access: 24 June 2017].
  • Duguid Timothy (2014), Metrical Psalmody in Print and Practice: English “Singing Psalms” and Scottish “Psalm Buiks”, c. 1547–1640, Ashgate, Farnham, Burlington.
  • Dyke Henry van (1913), The Story of the Psalms, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.
  • Flint Peter W. (2013), The Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls: Psalms Manuscripts, Edi-tions, and the Oxford Hebrew Bible [in:] Jewish and Christian Approach-es to the Psalms: Conflict and Convergence, ed. S. Gillingham, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Flint Peter W. (2014), Unrolling the Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP New York.
  • Fox J.C. (1913), An Anglo-Norman Apocalypse from Shaftesbury Abbey, “The Modern Language Review”, vol. 8, no. 3.
  • Francis Higman (2000), Music [in:] Reformation World, ed. A. Pettegree, Routledge, London.
  • Gawthrop Richard, Gerald Strauss (1984), Protestantism and Literacy in Early Modern Germany, “Past & Present”, vol. 104.
  • Gillingham Susan (2008), Psalms through the Centuries, vol. 1, Blackwell Pub-lishing, Malden–Oxford–Victoria.
  • Graham Kenneth J.E. (2016), Disciplinary Measures from the Metrical Psalms to Milton, Routledge, London–New York.
  • Hadden J. Cuthbert (1891), The Literary Materials of The First Scottish Psalter, “The Scottish Review”, vol. 17(33).
  • Hawkins Peter S. (2014), The Psalms in Poetry [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Jewish and Christian Approaches to the Psalms: Conflict and Convergence (2013), ed. S. Gillingham, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Jones Robin F. (1982), An Anglo-Norman Rhymed Sermon on Shrift, “Modern Philology”, vol. 79, no. 4.
  • Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia (2006), ed. R.K. Emmerson, Routledge, New York.
  • Klaassens Geert H.M. (2006), Jacob van Maerlant [in:] Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia, ed. R.K. Emmerson, Routledge, New York.
  • LeMon Joel. M. (2014), Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Psalms [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Les veus de sagrat (2014), eds. X. Terrado, F. Sabaté, Pagès, Lleida.
  • Linde Cornelia (2012/2015), How to Correct the Sacra Scriptura? Textual Crit-icism of the Latin Bible between the Twelfth and Fifteenth Century, “The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature”, Oxford.
  • Long Kimberly Bracken (2014), The Psalms in Christian Worship [in:] The Ox-ford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Lowth Robert (1995/1787), Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews, vol. 2, trans. G. Gregory, London, J. Johnson, Robert Lowth (1710–1787): The Major Works, Routledge, London.
  • McKie Michael (1997), The Origins and Early Development of Rhyme in Eng-lish Verse, “The Modern Language Review”, vol. 92, no. 4.
  • Munro Gordon (2000), “Sang Schwylls” and “Music Schools”: Music Education in Scotland, 1560–1650 [in:] Music Education in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, eds. S. Forscher Weiss, R.E. Murray Jr., C.J. Cyrus, Indiana UP, Bloomington–Indianapolis.
  • Music Education in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (2000), eds. S. For-scher Weiss, R.E. Murray Jr., C.J. Cyrus, Indiana UP, Bloomington–Indianapolis.
  • Nauert Charles G. (1995/2006), Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe, Cambridge UP, Cambridge.
  • O’Neill Patrick Paul (2001), King Alfred’s Old English Prose Translation of the First Fifty Psalms, Medieval Academy Books, Cambridge.
  • Paris Psalter, MS Bibliothèque Nationale Fonds Latin 8824, http:// galli-ca.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8451636f/f1.image.r=psalterium%20duplex.langEN [access: 22 June 2017].
  • Patrick Millar (1949/1950), Four Centuries of Scottish Psalmody, Oxford UP, London–Glasgow– New York.
  • Pettegree Andrew (2005), Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion, Cam-bridge UP, Cambridge.
  • Piela Marek (2014), O najnowszym „dynamicznym” przekładzie Psalmów, “Scripta Biblica et Orientalia”, t. 6.
  • Pratt Waldo Selden (1935), The Importance of the Early French Psalter, “The Musical Quarterly”, vol. 21, no. 1.
  • Prescott Anne Lake (2011), Sibling Harps: The Sidneys and the Chérons Trans-late the Psalms [in:] Psalms in the Early Modern World, eds. L.P. Austern, K.B. McBride, D.L. Orvis, Ashgate–Farnham–Burlington.
  • Psalms in Community: Jewish and Christian Textual, Liturgical, and Artistic Traditions (2003), eds. H.W. Attridge, M.E. Fassler, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta.
  • Psalms in the Early Modern World (2011), eds. L.P. Austern, K.B. McBride, D.L. Orvis, Ashgate–Farnham–Burlington.
  • Quitslund Beth (2008), The Reformation in Rhyme. Sternhold, Hopkins and the English Metrical Psalter, 1547–1603, Aldershot, Ashgate.
  • Reid-Baxter Jamie (2006), Metrical Psalmody and the Bannatyne Manuscript: Robert Pont’s Psalm 83, “Renaissance and Reformation”, vol. 30, no. 4.
  • Rothwell William (1982), A Mis-Judged Author and a Mis-Used Text: Walter de Bibbesworth and His “Tretiz”, “The Modern Language Review”, vol. 77, no. 2.
  • Rothwell William (1998), The Place of Femina in Anglo-Norman Studies, “Studia Neophilologica”, vol. 70.
  • Sanders Eve Rachele, Margaret W. Ferguson (2002), Literacies in Early Modern England, “Critical Survey”, vol. 14, no. 1.
  • Schaper Joachim (2014), The Septuagint Psalter [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • Scottish Culture: Dialogue and Self-Expression (2016), eds. A. Korzeniowska, I. Szymańska, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper, Warszawa.
  • Smith Hallet (1946), English Metrical Psalms in the Sixteenth Century and Their Literary Significance, “Huntington Library Quarterly”, vol. 9, no. 3.
  • Solopova Elizabeth (2013), The Liturgical Psalter in Medieval Europe [in:] Jewish and Christian Approaches to the Psalms: Conflict and Conver-gence, ed. S. Gillingham, Oxford UP, Oxford.
  • Stapert Calvin (2007), A New Song for an Old World: Musical Thought in the Early Church, William B. Erdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids–Cambridge.
  • Strawn Brent A. (2014), Poetic Attachment: Psychology, Psycholinguistics, and the Psalms [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. W.P. Brown, Ox-ford UP, New York.
  • Surtees Psalter, MS. Bodl. 425, http://bodley30.bodley.ox.ac.uk:8180/luna/
  • servlet/detail/ODLodl~1~1~34770~122784:Psalter,-English-metrical-version-- [access: 23 June 2017].
  • Sutherland Annie (2015), English Psalms in the Middle Ages, 1300–1450, Ox-ford UP, Oxford.
  • Temperley Nicholas (1979), The Music of the English Parish Church, Cam-bridge UP, Cambridge–London–New York.
  • The Old Greek Psalter. Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma (2001), eds. R.J.V. Hiebert, C.E. Cox, P.J. Gentry, Academic Press, Sheffield.
  • The Orrmulum Project, http://www.orrmulum.net/orrmulum_site.html [ac-cess: 25 June 2017].
  • The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014), ed. W.P. Brown, Oxford UP, New York.
  • The Psalms of David in Prose and Metre with the Whole Forme of Discipline, and Prayers, According to the Church of Scotland, the Psalms in Prose Being of the Last Translation, Translated by the Speciall Commande-ment of King James the Sixt, 1610 (1633), Printed by Edward Raban for David Melville, Aberdene.
  • Thornton R. (1879), St. Ambrose: His Life, Times, and Teaching, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London.
  • Tóth Istsván György (1996/2000), Literacy and Written Culture in Early Mod-ern Central Europe, trans. T. Vajda, M. Bodóczky, Central European UP, Budapest–New York.
  • Vincent David (2000), The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Mod-ern Europe, Polity, Cambridge.
  • Zim Rivkah (1987), English Metrical Psalms: Poetry as Praise and Prayer. 1535–1601, Cambridge UP, Cambridge.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

ISSN
0084-4446

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-0408eac5-7045-4681-9071-d7066832f8df
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.