Problemy urbanistycznej rewaloryzacji zabudowy mieszkaniowej z przełomu XIX i XX w. na przykładzie Krakowa

• Authors: Bogdanowski Janusz

Title variants

EN

PROBLEMS OF THE URBAN REVALORIZATION OF THE BUILDINGS FROM THE TURN OF THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES AS EXEMPLIFIED BY CRACOW

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Following the studies made by the author in the recent years on the buildings in the centre of the town of Cracow four basic forms of houses can be distinguished: — ,,a tenement house” as a house for a few families, located on a large plot and made of big apartments, — a block of flats, i.e. a house for more than ten families on an unproportionally small plot, — a villa, i.e. a house for a few families, situated in the garden, and — a mansion, i.e. one-family villa. The subject of the discussion is the first of the above forms. Genetically it originates direct from a medieval tenement burgher’s house. In that period, however, in some way it assumed features of the mansion. In the structure of the plot itself one can distinguish a characteristic arrangement comprising „avant cour” , i.e. the street, then ,,cour-honneur” trees in front of the gate, an imposing vestibule, followed by a court-yard and a decorative garden. The plots developed in this way make streets — avenues and blocks, the interiors of which are occupied by gardens. An exceptional development of the town of Cracow at the turn of the centuries as an administrative and trade centre and at the same time one of the major strongholds in Europe brought about limited transformations (typical of industrial towns) consisting in overpopulating the housing site. Both the change of gardens into courtyyards built-up with outbuildings as well as the construction of huge blocks of flats affected Cracow to a limited extent only, except for the area of the old medieval centre. One can even say that the inter-war period revalorized partialy densly populated buildings, although it resulted also in a further overpopulation along main trade tracts. This phenomenon can be found to-day as well. In order to revalorize the housing sites the author suggests (i) a gradual elimination of offices bringing about an increased traffic, (ii) a reduction of the number of people per one flat and pulling down added outbuildings. * Further steps include a revalorization of housing street (in its castrai scope and not through blocks adjoining to it). The following three operations would provide the base : — a landscape recomposition of the interior of the street combined with a limitation of traffic (restoration of avenues, introduction of one-way traffic, and wherever possible, its elimination), — an architectural revalorization of individual buildings, and finally, — a revalorization of mid-block gardens to their possible original forms. All this is aimed at restoring original values and the creation of a modern convenient housing environment based on a proper utilization of the already existing historic „background” . When designing modern housing estates it should also be necessary to restore traditional systems of streets and squares with gardens behind the belts of buildings. Thus, instead of loosely scattered constellations of blocks, which today constitute burdensome spatially broken urban interiors, it is necessary to create clearly composed „concrete” urban interiors, fine examples of which can still be found in Cracow.

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1980
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 104-115

Dates

published

1980

Contributors

author

Bogdanowski Janusz

• prof. dr, Zakład Architektury Krajobrazu Politechnika Krakowska

References

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