THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES ON LOW-BACK PAIN IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

• Authors: Rodríguez-García Pedro L. , López-Miñarro Pedro A. , Santonja Fernando M.
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a 32-week school physical education programme on low-back pain in elementary and secondary schoolchildren. Material and methods: Forty-one elementary school children (fifth-grade, mean age of 10.27 ± 0.31 years) and 43 secondary school adolescents (twograde, mean age of 13.46 ± 0.68 years) were assigned to the control (n = 40) or intervention group (n = 44). The intervention subjects were involved in an organised physical education programme including hamstrings stretching, endurance strength of the abdominal and lumbar muscles, and pelvic tilt during the two-weekly school physical education classes over 32 weeks. The control group was not subjected to the organized programme. Low back pain was registered and pain intensity was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease of low back pain frequency while the control group evidenced an increase. For pain intensity no significant differences were found. Conclusion: The children and adolescents who were subjected to the school physical education programme showed a reduction of low back pain frequency, while a tendency toward the rising frequency of low back pain was detected for the control subjects.

Keywords

EN

spine; physical exercises; children; adolescents

• Publisher: Politechnika Opolska. Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii
• Journal: Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 2
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 43-48

Dates

published

2013

Contributors

author

Rodríguez-García Pedro L.

• University of Murcia. Spain

author

López-Miñarro Pedro A.

• University of Murcia. Spain

author

Santonja Fernando M.

• University of Murcia. Spain

References

• 1. Andersen L., Wedderkopp N., Leboeuf-Yde C. (2006). Association between back pain and physical fitness in adolescents. Spine, 31, 1740-1744.
• 2. Balagué F., Damidot P., Nordin M., Parnianpour M., Waldburger M. C. (1993). Cross-sectional study of the isokinetic muscle trunk strength among school children. Spine, 18, 1199-1205.
• 3. Balagué F., Nordin M., Dutoit G., Waldburger M. (1996). Primary prevention, education, and low back pain among school children. Bull. Hosp. Jt. Dis., 55, 130-134.
• 4. Balagué F., Skovron M.L., Nordin M., Dutoit G., Pol L.R., Waldburger, M. (1995). Low back pain in schoolchildren: a study of familial and psychological factors. Spine, 20, 1265-1270.
• 5. Balagué F., Troussier B., Salminen J.J. (1999). Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: risk factors. European Spine Journal, 8, 429-438.
• 6. Briggs A.M., Van Dieën J.H., Wrigley T.V. Greig, A.M. Phillips, B. Lo, S.K., Bennell K.L. (2007). Thoracic kyphosis affects spinal loads and trunk muscle force. Physical Therapy, 87, 595-607.
• 7. Burton A.K., Clarke R.D., McClune T.D., Tillotson, K.M. (1996). The natural history of low back pain in adolescents. Spine, 21, 2323-2328.
• 8. Cardon G., De Clercq D., De Bourdeaudhuij I. (2002). Back education efficacy in elementary schoolchildren: a one-year follow-up study. Spine, 27, 299-305.
• 9. Chometon E., Braize C., Levy A. (1999). A primary educational prevention program for low back pain in Saint-Etienne primary schools. In: Troussier B, Phelip X (eds) The back of children and teenagers and the prevention of backache. Paris, pp 242-245.
• 10. Esola M.A., McClure P.W., Fitzgerald G.K., Siegler, S. (1996). Analysis of lumbar spine and hip motion during forward bending in subjects with and without a history of low back pain. Spine, 21, 71-78.
• 11. Feldman D., Shrier I., Rossignol M., Abenhaim, L. (1999). Adolescent growth is not associated with changes in flexibility. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 9, 24-29.
• 12. Gajdosik R.L., Albert C.R., Mitman J.J. (1994). Influence of hamstring length on the standing position and flexion range of motion of the pelvic angle, lumbar angle, and thoracic angle. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 20, 213-219.
• 13. Geldhof E., Cardon G., De Bourdeaudhuij I., Danneels L., Coorevits P., Vanderstraeten G., De Clercq, D. (2007). Effects of back posture education on elementary schoolchildren's back function. European Spine Journal, 16, 829-839.
• 14. Geldhof E., Cardon G., De Bourdeaudhuij I., De Clercq D. (2007). Back posture education in elementary schoolchildren: stability of two-year intervention effects. Europa Medicophysica, 43, 369-379.
• 15. Geldhof E., Cardon G., De Bourdeaudhuij I., De Clercq D. (2006). Effects of a two-school-year multifactorial back education program in elementary schoolchildren. Spine, 31, 1965-1973.
• 16. Harreby M., Neergaard K., Hesselsoe G., Kjer J. (1995). Are radiologic changes in the thoracic and lumbar spine of adolescents risk factors for low back pain in adults? A 25 year prospective cohort study of 640 school children. Spine, 20, 2298-2302.
• 17. Harreby M., Nygaard B., Jessen T., Larsen T., Storr-Paulsen A., Lindahl A., Fisker I., Laegaard, E. (1999). Risk factors for low back pain in a cohort of 1389 Danish school children: an epidemiologic study. European Spine Journal, 8, 444-450.
• 18. Johnson J., Deshpande C. (2000). Health education and physical education: disciplines preparing students as productive, healthy citizens for the challenges of the 21st century. The Journal of School Health, 70, 66-68.
• 19. Jones M.A., Stratton G., Reilly T., Unnithan V.B. (2005). Biological risk indicators for recurrent nonspecific low back pain in adolescents. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 137-140.
• 20. Keller T.S., Colloca C.J., Harrison D.E., Harrison D.D., Janik T.J. (2005). Influence of spine morphology on intervertebral disc loads and stresses in asymptomatic adults: implications for the ideal spine. The Spine Journal, 5, 297-300.
• 21. Kristjansdottir G., Rhee H. (2002). Risk factors of back pain frequency in schoolchildren: a search for explanations to a public health problem. Acta Paediatrica, 91, 849-854.
• 22. Kujala U.M., Taimela S., Oksanen A., Salminen J.J. (1997). Lumbar mobility and low back pain during adolescence. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 363-368.
• 23. Leboeuf-Yde C., Ohm Kyvik K. (1998). At what age does low back pain become a common problem. Spine, 23, 228-234.
• 24. Lonn J.H., Glomsrod B., Soukup M.G., Bo K., Larsen S. (1999). Active back school: prophylactic management for low back pain. A randomized, controlled, 1 year follow-up study. Spine, 24, 865-871.
• 25. López-Miñarro P.A., Alacid F. (2010). Influence of hamstring muscle extensibility on spinal curvatures in young athletes. Science & Sports, 25, 188-193.
• 26. López-Miñarro P.A., Sáinz de Baranda P., Rodríguez-García P.L. (2009). A comparison of the sit-andreach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 116-122.
• 27. Mendez F.J., Gomez-Conesa A. (2001). Postural hygiene programme to prevent low back pain. Spine, 26, 1280-1286.
• 28. Mierau D., Cassidy J.D., Yong-Hing K. (1989). Low back pain and straight leg raising in children and adolescents. Spine 14, 526-528.
• 29. Norris C., Matthews M. (2008). The role of an integrated back stability program in patients with chronic low back pain. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 14, 255-263.
• 30. Penttinen J., Nevala-Puranen N., Airaksinen O. (2002). Randomized clinical controlled trial of back school with and without peer support. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 12, 21.29.
• 31. Rodríguez P.L., Santonja F., López-Miñarro P.A., Sáinz de Baranda P., and Yuste J.L. (2008). Effect of physical education programme on sit-and-reach score in schoolchildren. Science & Sports, 23, 170-175.
• 32. Rodríguez-García P.L., López-Miñarro P.A., Yuste J.L., Sáinz de Baranda P. (2008). Comparison of hamstring criterion-related validity, sagittal spinal curvatures, pelvic tilt and score between sit-andreach and toe-touch tests in athletes. Medicina dello Sport, 61, 11-20.
• 33. Salminen J.J., Maki P., Oksanen A., Pentti, J. (1992). Spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength in 15-year-old schoolchildren with and without low-back pain. Spine, 17, 405-411.
• 34. Salminen J.J., Oksanen A., Mäki P., Pentti J., Kujala U.M. (1993). Leisure time physical activity in the young. Correlation with low-back pain, spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength in 15-year-old-school children. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 14, 406-410.
• 35. Salminen J.J., Pentti J., Terho P. (1992) Low back pain and disability in 14-year-old schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica, 81, 1035-1039.
• 36. Santonja Medina F.M., Sainz de Baranda Andújar P., Rodríguez García P.L., López Miñarro P.A., Canteras Jornada M. (2007). Effects of frequency of static stretching on straight-leg raise in elementary school children. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47, 304-308.
• 37. Sheldon M.R. (1994). Lifting instruction to children in an elementary school. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 19, 105-110.
• 38. Sjölie A.N., Ljunggren A.E. (2001). The significance of high lumbar mobility and low lumbar strength for current and future low back pain in adolescents. Spine, 26, 2629-2636.
• 39. Smith A., O´Sullivan P., Straker L. (2008). Classification of sagittal thoraco-lumbo-pelvic alignment of the adolescent spine in standing and its relationship to low back pain. Spine, 33, 2101-2107.
• 40. Troussier B., Tesniers C., Fauconnier J., Grison R., Phelip X. (1999). Comparative study of two different kinds of school furniture among children. Ergonomics, 42, 516-526.
• 41. Vicas-Kunse P. (1992). Educating our children: the pilot school programme. Occupational Medicine 7, 173-177.
• 42. Viry P., Creveuil C., Marcelli C. (1999). Nonspecific back pain in children: a search for associated factors in 14-year-old schoolchildren. Revue du Rhumatisme (English Ed), 66, 437-445.