Badania technologiczne trzech nagrobnych stel egipskich na podłożu drewnianym z Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie : część II

• Authors: Szyszko Władysław

Title variants

EN

TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE THREE EGYPTIAN EPITAPHIAL STELAE ON WOOD SUPPORTS NOW PRESERVED IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, CRACOW — PART II

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

This is the second part of work dealing with technological investigations of the three Egyptian epitaphial stelae painted on wood supports which are at present forming a part of collection in National Museum, Cracow (cf. “Ochrona Zabytków”, vol. XXV, 1972, iss. 3, pp. 170—182). The basic part of the present article is devoted to presentation of results of analyses carried out on pigment samples taken from the separate objects. The following pigments were subjected to analyses: white, yellow, red, green, blue, brown, orange and black. From the analyses it follows that except for bone black that was encountered in two objects the other pigments are those mineral characteristic of their prevalence of ferrous compounds. 1 In addition to reagent dyeing analyses in technological investigations under discussion were applied the methods of emission spectrography, non-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and also microcrystalloscopic reactions. The investigations of pigments carried out by the author have, in each instance, been preceded by a short survey of the present-day knowledge relating to a given pigment. Within this article are summarized the results of investigations of wood supports, primers, binders and pigments. In conclusion the author suggests that the stelae should be left without any complementary treatments as, for instance, filling with putties or retouching. It would be rather difficult to approve such measures in a case where we have to do with archaeological monuments. Nonetheless, it will be necessary to carry out the disinfection of objects. As the most appropriate for this purpose seems the use of ethylene oxide, CH2CH2O which is expected to protect them against the growth of microorganisms. The traces of their action have been found on surfaces of two objects. Although a number of losses has been observed on one of the stelae the state of preservation of those remaining may be regarded as one satisfactory. They are now kept in Restoration Department of the National Museum, Cracow where the most analyses were carried out.

Keywords

PL

nagrobne stele egipskie z Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie; barwniki; aurypigment; badanie barwników

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1972
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 253-263

Dates

published

1972

Contributors

author

Szyszko Władysław

• mgr, Wydział Konserwacji DS ASP Kraków

References

• J. H o p l i ń s k i , Farby i spoiwa malarskie, Krakow-Wrocław 1955, ss. 127—128; K. We h l t e , Werkstoffe und Techniken der Malerei, Ravensburg 1967, s. 423.
• J. Ce rny , The stela of Merer in Cracow, „Journal of Egyptian Archaeology”, XLVII (1961), s. 9.
• A. Luc a s , Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, London 1962, s. 349.
• L. B o r c h a r d t , Portrats der Konigin Nefretete, Leipzig 1923, s. 32.
• M . Wa g e n a a r , Microscopisch en Microchemisch onderzoek van einige Egyptische kleuerstoffen, „Pharm. Weekblad”, LXX (1933), s. 895.
• R. J. Fo rbe s , Studies in Ancient Technology, III Leiden 1955, s. 218.
• E. Br u y e r e , Tombes a decor monochrome, ss. 9—10, cyt. A.Luc a s , Materials ... s. 350.
• E. M a с к a y, On the use of beeswax and resin as varnishes in Theban tombs, Ancient Egypt, 1920, s. 37.
• H. Ca r t e r , Tut-Ankh-Amen — ein Agyptisches Konigsgrab, I, ss. 110—111, cyt. A. L u с a s, Materials ..., s. 354.
• J. Co uy a t , „Bulletin Society de Mineralogie”, XXXI (1908) s. 348.
• A. P. L a u r i e, Materials, used in the Painter’s Craft from the Earliest Times to the End of the XVII-th Century, London 1911, ss. 26—28.
• M. T о с h, The Pigments of the Tomb of Perneb, „ Journal of Chemical Education”, X (1918), ss. 118—119.
• G. A. R e i s n e r, Kerma, IV—V, ss. 291—292.
• E. I v e r s e n, Some Ancient Egyptian Paints and Pigments, London 1958, ss. 49—52.
• H. K e u n e, Bilderatlas zur qualitativen anorganischen Mikroanalyse, Leipzig 1967, nr 12, 13, ss. 26—27.
• M. Do e r ne r , Malmaterial und seine Verwendung im Bilde, S tu ttg a rt 1960, s. 80.
• A. E i b n e r, Entwicklung und Werkstoffe der Wandmalerei, Munchen 1926, s. 54.
• P l i n i u s z , Historiae Naturalis, XXXIII, 57—58.
• H. R a b a t e , A ’propos du „bleu egyptien”, „Peintures, Pigments, Vernis”, XXXIV (1958), ss. 343—345.
• W. J. Russell, „Nature”, XLIX (1893—94), ss. 374—375.
• L. H o d g s o n , Egyptian blue jrit, Occasional Papers, Society о/ Mural decorators and Painters in Tempera, III (1936), ss. 36—38.
• G. S c h i p p a , G. To r r a c a , Contributo alia conoscenza del „bleu egiziano”, „Bollettino dell’Istituto Centrale del Restauro”, 31—32 (1957), ss. 97—105.
• L. Ni c o l i n i , M. S a n t i n i , Contributo alia Studio dello Smalto Blu Egiziano, „Bollettino dell’Istituto Centrale del Restauro”, 34—35 (1958), ss. 59—70.
• W. S. S m i t h, A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom, London (1949), s. 256.
• W. v o n Bi s s i n g , M. Re ach, Uber die Technik der Hawatafresken im Museum vom Kairo, „Annales de service des antiquites de l’Egypte”, VII, (1906), s. 64.