Fiktionalisierung der eigenen Kriegskindheit in den Jugendromanen von Anatolij Pristavkin

• Authors: Leingang Oxane

Title variants

EN

The Fictionalization of Wartime Childhood in Young Adult Novels by Anatolij Pristavkin

HR

Fikcionalizacija vlastitoga ratnoga djetinjstva u romanima za mladež Anatolija Pristavkina

• Languages of publication: HR EN DE

Abstracts

HR

„Stvorio me rat“, bilježi Anatolij Pristavkin u autobiografskom djelu Prvi dan – posljednji dan postanka (Pervyj den’ – poslednij den’ tvorenija) u kojemu je rat uistinu postao njegov socijalizacijski kontekst. Pristavkinova je majka umrla od tuberkuloze 1941., kada je autor imao deset godina, a otac se borio na fronti. Djetinjstvo i mladost proveo je u različitim dječjim domovima. Zajedno sa stotinama djece evakuiran je 1944. godine na Sjeverni Kavkaz gdje se s tek nekolicinom moskovske siročadi uspio spasiti od masakra. Žalostan zbog svojega djetinjstva, autor započinje veliki književni projekt. U šest autobiografskih, vrlo detaljnih kratkih romana, ali i u mnogobrojnim kratkim pričama, približava se traumi svojega ratnoga djetinjstva. Budući da u tekst ne ugrađuje autobiografske signale uvriježene za ‘autobiografski ugovor’ te se koristi mogućnošću „pomicanja u smjeru odmjerene fikcionalizacije“, Pristavkin dijelove svoje biografije, koje ne želi posredovati, preoblikuje u imaginativne trenutke olakšanja, u „željene biografije“. U radu se, na temelju Pristavkinovih autobiografskih djela Rjazanka i Prvi dan – posljednji dan postanka te s osnoncem na njegova osobna svjedočanstva, istražuje način na koji Anatolij Pristavkin u djelima za mladež uprizoruje svoja osobna traumatska prisjećanja na Drugi svjetski rat.

EN

“I was created by war”, writes Anatolij Pristavkin in his last autobiographical povest – a Russian term denoting a medium length prose narrative – characteristically entitled The First Day – the Last Day of Creation (Pervyj den’ – poslednij den’ tvorenija). As he lost his mother to tuberculosis at the age of ten, and knew his father to be fighting at the front, the war became the context of his socialisation: Pristavkin spent his childhood in various orphanages, and was in 1944 evacuated to North Caucasus, where he was one of the few of Muscovite orphans to escape massacre. Pristavkin’s large-scale literary project is focused on this traumatic biography. He approaches his childhood with increasing introspection in six short novels and countless short stories. The gaps in his inconsistent traumatic memories are bridged with repetitions which disguise the construction of an intrafictional reality and guarantee narrative coherence. But at the same time they obscure the constructed nature of such memories, which are conditioned by context and an individual perspective. Thus breaking the ‘autobiographical pact’, Pristavkin transforms what he does not want to express about his own life into imaginative moments of relief, into so-called “ideal autobiographies”. The paper demonstrates how Pristavkin depicts and elaborates his traumatic war memories in his young adult novels.

DE

„Mich erschuf der Krieg“, notierte Anatolij Pristavkin in seinem autobiographischen Werk Der erste Tag – der letzte Tag der Schöpfung, worin der Krieg für ihn tatsächlich zu einer Sozialisierungsinstanz wurde. Pristavkins Mutter starb 1941 an Tuberkulose, als er zehn Jahre alt war; der Vater kämpfte an der Front. Im Jahre 1944 wurde er zusammen mit mehreren hundert Moskauer Waisen in den Nordkaukasus evakuiert, wo er als einer von wenigen einem Massaker entgehen konnte. Aus Trauer um die eigene Kriegskindheit schrieb Pristavkin ein literarisches Großprojekt nieder. In sechs autobiographisch gefärbten, detailreichen Kurzromanen sowie in unzähligen Kurzgeschichten näherte sich der Autor dem Trauma seiner Kriegskindheit an. Da er dabei keine Autobiographiesignale im Sinne des „autobiographischen Paktes“ setzte und die Möglichkeit des „moderaten Fiktionalisierungsschubs“ nutzte, überführte er das biographisch Unartikulierte durch nachträglich imaginierte Entlastungsmomente in „Wunschbiographien“. Im Folgenden wird untersucht, wie Anatolij Pristavkin die eigenen traumatischen Erinnerungen an den Zweiten Weltkrieg in seinen jugendliterarischen Werken inszenierte.

Keywords

HR

autobiografija; Pristavkin; ratno djetinjstvo; Drugi svjetski rat; romani za mladež; siročad

EN

autobiography; Pristavkin; wartime childhood; Word War II; young adult fiction; orphans

DE

Autobiographie; Pristavkin; Kriegskindheit; Zweiter Weltkrieg; Jugendromane

• Publisher: Croatian Association of Researchers in Children’s Literature
• Journal: Libri & Liberi
• Year: 2013
• Volume: Vol 2
• Issue: No. 1
• Pages: 65-82

Contributors

author

Leingang Oxane

Identifiers

DOI

10.21066/carcl.libri.2013-02(01).0037