EN
This article tries to explain the meaning of „I” and „Thou” as categories essential for Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue. I consider these categories in a context of human’s origin and interpersonal existence. Buber’s statement of ‘dialogity’ as a specific quality of human existence has, first of all, descriptive status, and then – indirectly and secondarily – prescriptive one. I take special notice of a transcendent position of Thou towards I and distance between them. I also take under consideration „nominal” matter of I and Thou, which decides on one’s individuality and their ability to listen and answer. The result of I and Thou meeting is recognizing in I a fellow-man towards Thou. Being I and being Thou can be identified only if they are able to cross immanent cultural sphere. This is because addressing I by Thou had its beginning in transcendentalism of divine Thou and can not be interpreted in immanent context of culture as autonomous cultural area.