The author analyzes Cossack culture in the original Russian text of Taras Bulba, a novella by Nikolai Gogol and in the Polish translation of this text. The analysis is based on two editions of the original version and on a contemporary translation of the work by Aleksander Ziemny. The author takes into consideration various components which illustrate the Cossacks’’ point of view and presents Cossack culture in both the source and the target texts.