Individual and Institutional Implications of Building a Smoke-Free Society

• Authors: Król Grzegorz
• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Cigarette smoking is the cause of more premature deaths than traffic accidents, AIDS, other drugs, alcohol, homicide and suicide taken jointly. Eliminating smoking would curb the cost of reduced employee productivity, smokers’ treatment and premature mortality. It would seem, therefore, that it is in the interest of the society, employers and addicted individuals to free the world from smoking. At the same time, Poland is among the largest tobacco producers in Europe, and the sale of tobacco products is a source of significant state budget revenues. Health, social and economic losses resulting from the harms of smoking are contrasted with the potential economic and budgetary losses, and the inevitability of the emergence of a shadow economy if tobacco products were to be delegalized. Current social, medical and legal measures aimed at the reduction of tobacco consumption do not have the desired effect and require a radical change in approach. It is not nicotine that kills smokers, but tar created in the process of burning tobacco leaves. Replacing highly harmful tobacco smoking with nicotine delivery products, which are safer by an order of magnitude, is presently the most viable way to improve public health and the quality of life of people addicted to nicotine.

Keywords

EN

smoking; public health; harm reduction; cost of smoking; life expectancy

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
• Journal: Problemy Zarządzania
• Year: 2018
• Issue: 5/2018 (78)
• Pages: 62-76

Dates

online

2019-01-28

Contributors

author

Król Grzegorz

• Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw

References

• 1. Audrain-McGovern, J., & Benowitz, N. L. (2011). Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90(1), 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.105.
• 2. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2017). National drug strategy household survey 2016 detailed findings. Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/illicit-use-of-drugs/ndshs-2016-detailed.
• 3. Baum, D. (1997). Smoke and mirrors: The war on drugs and the politics of failure (1st Back Bay pbk. ed.). Boston, MA: Back Bay Books.
• 4. Baum, D. (2016, April). Legalize it all: How to win the war on drugs. Retrieved on August 20, 2018, from https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/.
• 5. Beaglehole, R., Bonita, R., Yach, D., Mackay, J., & Reddy, K.S. (2015). A tobacco-free world: A call to action to phase out the sale of tobacco products by 2040. The Lancet, 385(9972), 1011–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60133-7.
• 6. Boland, V. (2018, June). “I’m not strong enough; I’m not good enough; I can’t do this, I’m failing”: Barriers to cessation among disadvantaged smokers and their experiences with accessing treatment and the role for technology based quit support. Presented at the 5th Global Forum on Nicotine, Warszawa, Poland. Retrieved from https://gfn.net.co/downloads/2018/PRESENTATIONS/FRIDAY/Parallel5/VeronicaBoland.pdf.
• 7. Bonevski, B., Twyman, L., Paul, C., D’Este, C., West, R., Siahpush, M., … Palazzi, K. (2018). Smoking cessation intervention delivered by social service organisations for a diverse population of Australian disadvantaged smokers: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 112, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.005.
• 8. Drope, J., Schluger, N., & Cahn, Z. (2018). The tobacco atlas (6th ed.). Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
• 9. Dyer, O. (2017). Russia plans to ban tobacco sales to all citizens born after 2014. BMJ, j252. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j252.
• 10. Goldman, I.L. (2002). Smoking and longevity. Genetics, 162(3), 997–1001.
• 11. Harlay, J. (2017, January 25). Finland: A tobacco-free future in 2030. Retrieved on June 18, 2018, from https://www.vapingpost.com/2017/01/25/finland-a-tobacco-free-futurein-2030/.
• 12. Hawkins, B., & Holden, C. (2018). European Union implementation of article 5.3 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Globalization and Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0386-1.
• 13. Heishman, S.J., Kleykamp, B.A., & Singleton, E.G. (2010). Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology, 210(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1848-1.
• 14. Hon Lik. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved on May 19, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hon_Lik&oldid=841955941.
• 15. House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. (2018, August 16). E-cigarettes: Seventh report of session 2017–19. Retrieved from https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmsctech/505/505.pdf.
• 16. Jacobsen, L.K., D’Souza, D.C., Mencl, W.E., Pugh, K.R., Skudlarski, P., & Krystal, J.H. (2004). Nicotine effects on brain function and functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 55(8), 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.023.
• 17. Joshua, J. (2016). The economics of addictive behaviours volume I. New York, NY: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• 18. Kahneman, D. (2013). Thinking, fast and slow (1st pbk. ed.). New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• 19. Koop, C.E. (2000, May). A smoke-free society by the year 2000. Presented at Julia M. Jones Lecture at Annual Meeting of American Lung Association, Miami, FL.
• 20. Kovac, J.R., Khanna, A., & Lipshultz, L.I. (2015). The effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility. Postgraduate Medicine, 127(3), 338–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2015.1015928.
• 21. Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa. (2018). Rynek tytoniu w Polsce – Monitorowanie i nadzór. Retrieved from http://www.kowr.gov.pl/uploads/pliki/TYTON/Broszura.pdf.
• 22. Kumari, V., & Postma, P. (2005). Nicotine use in schizophrenia: The self medication hypotheses. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(6), 1021–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.02.006.
• 23. Le Houezec, J. (2014, January 12). Positive effects of nicotine [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://nicotinepolicy.net/blogs/guest-blogs/32-jacques-le-houezec/88-the-positive-effects-of-nicotine.
• 24. Lopez, A.D., Collishaw, N.E., & Piha, T. (1994). A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tobacco Control, 3(3), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.3.3.242.
• 25. Lund, I., & Lund, K. (2014). How has the availability of snus influenced cigarette smoking in Norway? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(11), 11705–11717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111705.
• 26. Maté, G. (2010). In the realm of hungry ghosts: Close encounters with addiction. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
• 27. Mayer, B. (2014). How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. Archives of Toxicology, 88(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1127-0.
• 28. McGarity, T., Kysar, D., & Sokol, K. (2006). The truth about torts: Lawyers, guns, and money. Center for Progressive Reform. Retrieved from http://www.progressivereform.org/articles/Truth_About_Torts_Immunity.pdf.
• 29. McKenzie, J., Bhatti, L., & Tursan d’Espaignet, E. (2014). WHO tobacco knowledge summaries: Tobacco and dementia. WHO, Geneva.
• 30. McNeill, A., Brose, L., Calder, R., & Hitchman, S.C. (2015). E-cigarettes: An evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England. Public Health England. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733022/Ecigarettes_an_evidence_update_A_report_commissioned_by_Public_Health_England_FINAL.pdf.
• 31. McNeill, A., Brose, L., Calder, R., Bauld, L., & Robson, D. (2018). Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018. A report commissioned by Public Health England. London: Public Health England. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidencereview/evidence-review-of-e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-2018-executivesummary.
• 32. Newhouse, P. (2018, June). Nicotine therapeutics: Therapeutic aspects of nicotinic stimulation for brain disorders. Presented at the 5th Global Forum on Nicotine, Warszawa, Poland. Retrieved from https://gfn.net.co/downloads/2018/PRESENTATIONS/SATURDAY/Plenary%202/PaulNewhouse.pdf.
• 33. Proctor, R.N. (2013). Why ban the sale of cigarettes? The case for abolition. Tobacco Control, 22(suppl 1), i27. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050811.
• 34. Shapiro, H. (2018, October). No fire, no smoke: The global state of tobacco harm reduction 2018. London: Knowledge-Action-Change.
• 35. Sobczak, A., & Wydawnictwo Medyczne Borgis. (2017). 1500 razy mniej: papierosy elektroniczne w świetle badań naukowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Borgis.
• 36. Stimson, G., Jakes, S., Harding, J., Morrison, A., Dorn, D., Costall, P., … Diamon, P. (2018). Challenging a bad tobacco law: The legal challenge against the EU ban on snus. Presented at the 5th Global Forum on Nicotine, Warszawa, Poland. Retrieved from https://gfn.net.co/posters-2018/565-challenging-a-bad-tobacco-law-the-legal-challengeagainst-the-eu-ban-on-snus.
• 37. Tobacco act. (2016). Retrieved from https://savutonsuomi.fi/en/towards-tobacco-freefinland/tobacco-act/.
• 38. Tobacco company CEOs testify before Congress. (1994). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_ZDQKq2F08.
• 39. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision, key findings and advance tables (Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP/248).
• 40. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General. (2014). The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. Retrieved from https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/full-report.pdf.
• 41. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health. (1984). The health consequences of smoking: Chronic obstructive lung disease. A report of the Surgeon General. Retrieved from http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBCCS.pdf.
• 42. Van der Kolk, B.A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY: Viking.
• 43. Warner, K. (1987). Health and economic implications of a tobacco-free society. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258, 2080–2086.
• 44. What will it take to create a tobacco-free world? (2015). The Lancet, 385(9972), 915. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60512-8.
• 45. Wigand, J. (n.d.). Testimony of the 7 CEOs of Big Tobacco. Retrieved on August 20, 2018, from http://www.jeffreywigand.com/7ceos.php.
• 46. World Health Organization. (2005). WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
• 47. World Health Organization. (2018). Cape Town declaration on human rights and a tobaccofree world. Declaration proposed at the 17th World Conference on Tobacco or Health, Cape Town, South Africa. Retrieved from https://ash.org/declaration/.
• 48. Yau, R.K., & Marshall, S.W. (2014). Association between fire-safe cigarette legislation and residential fire deaths in the United States. Injury Epidemiology, 1(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-1714-1-10.
• 49. Zgliczyński, W. (2017, November). Palenie tytoniu w Polsce. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych.

Identifiers

ISSN

1644-9584

DOI

10.7172/1644-9584.78.5