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2015 | 28 | 147-165

Article title

The Culture and Policy of the People’s Republic of China towards Southeast Asian Countries 1949–1976

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EN

Abstracts

The aim of the article is the analysis of the Chinese political strategy in 1949–1976. In the paper People’s Republic of China policy toward the Southeast Asia countries in respect of the internal and international political circumstances is presented. Author is focused on the presentation of the main factors having impact on the shape of the Chinese policy in two periods: since People’s Republic of China Proclamation until Geneva Conference and since Geneva Conference until the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China. Moreover Geneva Conference Accords impact on the policy of People’s Republic of China is discussed. Cultural, economic and political situation of the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia countries is highlighted in the paper. Issue of PRC policy toward Vietnam is emphasized. Observations on the paper lead to the conclusion that Chinese policy is unique in local as well as in global magnitude.

Keywords

Contributors

  • Independant Researcher

References

  • See R. Sławiński (ed.), Konfucjanizm i jego współczesne interpretacje, red. R. Sławiński [Confucianism and Its Modern Interpretation] Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Kultur Orientalnych i Śródziemnomorskich, 2013; Shenmin xinyang yu wangao zhengzo. Rujia wenhua de xiandai jiazhi [ Lifetime Belives and Policy of the Road of the Emperor. Contemporary Value of the Confucianism Culture], Taibei 2004.
  • For more details about China's history see R. Sławiński, Geneza Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej [Origin/genesis of the PRC], Warszawa: PAN, 1987; Idem, Historia Chin i Tajwanu [China and Taiwan History], Warszawa: ASKON, 2002; D. Twichett (ed.), Cambridge Encyclopedy of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991; J.K. Fairbank, Historia Chin, nowe spojrzenie [China History, New Review], Gdańsk: Marabut, 1996; B. Ryczyło, I. Grabowska, Pekin [Pekin], Warszawa: ASKON, 2012.
  • In the 111 BC Nanyue were incorporated into China for a thousand years, Guangxi and Guangdong forever. Vietnam has been exposed to more Chinese influence than any other country in Southeast Asia, because the Chinese rule was the longest and has the deepest results. The Chinese patterns in many spheres of live were adopted and the Vietnamese population mixed with the Chinese. During weakening of the central government in China there were numerous uprisings in Vietnam, but they resulted in 1939, was established Vietnamese dynasty, however still was working Chinese institutions, law, public organizations or habits. See I. Grabowska-Lipińska, Strategia polityczna Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec krajów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej w latach 1949–1976 [The Political Strategy of the Peoples Republic of China toward the Southeast Asia Countries in 1949–1976], Warszawa 1995.
  • H. Fifield, The Diplomacy of Southeast Asia 1945–1958, New York 1958, p. 261.
  • See Li Zhisui, Prywatne życie przewodniczącego Mao [Private Life of Chairman Mao], Warszawa: Philip Wilson, 1996; http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2011-07/04/content_22917108.htm (accessed 15 September 2015).
  • Lin Biao, Marshal of the People's Republic of China, died in September 1971 when a Hawer Siddeley Trident he with his family were aboard crashed in Mongolia. According to the Chinese government he attempted to coup against Mao Zedong. The events of “the Lin Biao incident” is a source of speculation till now. Lin Biao and the Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing were labeled as “Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-Revolutionary Clique” of the Cultural Revolition. Jiang Qing, Madame Mao, the fourth wife of Mao Zedong married Mao in Yan'an in 1938. She played major role in the Cultural Revolution, from 1966 as deputy director of the Central Cultural Revolution Group and forming the radical alliance known as the “Gang of Four” (siren bang 四人帮). In 1969 she gained a seat on the Politbiuro. In 1976, after Mao Zedong death fight for authority started two different fractions: cultural revolution fraction, led by widow of Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing with Kang Sheng and group of pragmatics led by Deng Xiaoping. Finally ''Gang of Four” was brought to the trial, accused of revolutionism rightism and contr-revolutionism and condemned. The power took pragmatics. Jiang Qing arrested in 1976. Sentences to death was commuted to live imprisonment in 1983 and she died in 1991. See R. Terrill, Madame Mao: the White Boned Demon, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999; http://www. britanica.com/topic/Gang-of-Four (accessed 20 September 2015).
  • New York Herald Tribune, 5 December 1950.
  • In 1965 in Indonesia took place coup d'etat. The massacres began in October 1965, more than 500 000 people were killed. The purge was to eliminate the Communist Party of the Indonesia. The communist were purged from political, and social life and the Communist Party was banned. Probably more than 1 000 000 peoples were imprisoned at the time; http://www.insideindonesia.org/the-killings-of-1965-66 (accesed 1 October 2015).
  • New act concerning citizenship was accepted in China on the third session 5th National People's Congress, according to persons who accepted citizenship of the different country lose Chinese citizenship. The 5th National People's Congress was in the session from 1978 to 1983. It passed the Constitution of the PRC and the current constitution of the PRC in 1982.
  • Zbiór Dokumentów [Set/collection of Documents], No. 5, 1954, pp. 1157–1158; http://www.history.com/this-day-in history/geneva-conference-begins-Apr.26, 1954 (accessed 6 October 2105).
  • From 1979 to 1990 China and Vietnam fought a prolonger border war.
  • http://www.history.com/this-day-in history/paris-peace-accords-signed (assessed 8 October 2015).

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-42bc25f4-c43b-479c-8218-fe9b7096c38c
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