Działalność jezuitów w Cesarstwie Chińskim

• Authors: Klarecki Robert

Title variants

EN

Activities of Jesuits in the Empire of China

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Asia was one of the main areas for Christianization. In the 15th and 16th century popes issued many bulls in which they divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe into an exclusive duopoly between Spain and Portugal. This was the beginning of the systems called Padroado by which the popes delegated to the Spanish and Portuguese kings the administration of the local Church. The most important contacts between Catholic missionaries and China Empire started in 16th century when the Jesuits reached China. In 1600 Matteo Ricci obtained from the emperor the permission to settle in Beijing. Matteo Ricci was known for his appreciation of the indigenous culture of the Chinese. He discovered that Chinese culture was strongly intertwined with Confucian values and therefore Ricci decided that Christianity had to be changed to fit Chinese culture in order to be attractive to the Chinese. This method, known as accommodation, was followed only by Jesuits and allowed them to have the most converts among Chinese people. What's more, the method allowed Jesuits to take the highest positions at the Imperial Court. Johann Adam Schall was a very successful missionary and also a trusted counselor to the emperor. He was entrusted the modification of the Chinese calendar and provision of eclipses of thesun and the moon. The emperors of China were very impressed by the scientific skills of Jesuits. That is why for over 60 years the Jesuits had been the directors of the Directorate of Astronomy. They were also entrusted different important jobs like official interpreters and translators, teachers, cartographers and even official envoys to the western countries.

Keywords

EN

China; Jesuits; Matteo Ricci; Johann Adam Schall

• Publisher: Instytut Nauk Politycznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
• Journal: Forum Politologiczne
• Year: 2010
• Volume: 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności
• Pages: 253-274

Contributors

author

Klarecki Robert

• Uniwersytet Łódzki

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