Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2017 | 2(57) | 25-46

Article title

Tolkien i wikingowie. Czyli o związkach J. R. R. Tolkiena z wiktoriańską literaturą na temat Północy

Content

Title variants

EN
Tolkien and the Vikings. On J. R. R. Tolkien and Victorian Literature About The North

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
There is no doubt that Norman stories and myths were an important inspiration for John R. R. Tolkien who repeatedly stressed their significance for shaping his works and literary imagination. In the article Tolkien and the Vikings. On J. R. R. Tolkien and Victorian Literature About The North, Leśniewski analyses the influence of Norse mythology, Victorian literature and history on Tolkienian writings. Tolkien’s belief that we can access and reconstruct history through languages had its source in the nineteenth century when scientists were convinced that it is possible to recreate extinct languages and mythologies. Thus they often created new epic poems on the basis of folk tales and ballads. Tolkien often expressed his regret that England has lost its mythological traditions. He seemed to have dreamt of giving England its own mythology. Tolkien drew inspiration from Victorian writers and scientists, but he also went far beyond Victorian tradition. His works are eclectic and syncretic, bringing together many different traditions—and, thus, appealing to a much wider audience.

Year

Issue

Pages

25-46

Physical description

Contributors

References

  • Adamczyk, Anna, Przyrodnicze inspiracje Tolkiena, „Gwaihir” 2004, nr 8, ss. 47-64.
  • Agøy, Nils Ivar, Quid Hinieldus cum Christo?, w: Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, red. Patricia Reynolds, Glen H. GoodKnight, Altadena: Milton Keynes 1995.
  • Anderson, Douglas Allen, The Annotated Hobbit, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2002.
  • Bradley, Sidney Arthur James, The First New European Literature: N. F. S. Grundtvig’s Reception of Anglo-Saxon Literature, w: Heritage and Prophecy: Grundtvig and the English-Speaking World, red. Arthur M. Allchin, Norwich: Canterbury Press 1994.
  • Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, Harold: Last of the Saxon Kings, London: Kessinger Publishing 1999.
  • Burns, Marjorie J., Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse In Tolkien’s Middle-Earth, Toronto: University of Toronto Press 2005.
  • Carpenter, Humphrey, J. R. R. Tolkien wizjoner i marzyciel, Warszawa: Alfa 1997.
  • Carter, Lin, Tolkien: świat „Władcy Pierścieni”, Warszawa: Iskry 2003.
  • Chance, Jane, A Mythology for England?, w: Tolkien and the Invention of Myth. A Reader, red. Jane Chance, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky 2004.
  • Dasent, George Webbe, Jest and Earnest: A Collection of Essays and Reviews, t. I, London: Chapman and Hall 1873.
  • Dasent, George Webbe, Popular Tales from the Norse, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas 1903.
  • Davidson, Christine, Some English Myth-makers: Success and Failure Prior to Tolkien, w: Tolkien. A Mythology for England? Proceedings of the 13th Tolkien Society Seminar, red. Richard Crawshaw, Telford: Tolkien Society 2000.
  • Dimond, Andy, The Twilight of the Elves: Ragnarök and the End of the Third Age, w: Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader, red. Jane Chance, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky Press 2004.
  • Dorson, Richard M., The British Folklorists: A History, London: Routledge 1968.
  • Edmund, Burke, Speech on Conciliation with America, House of Commons, 22nd March 1775, w: The Concept of Empire: Burke to Attlee. 1774-1947, red. George Bennett, London: Adam and Charles Black 1953.
  • Feldman, Burton, Robert D. Richardson, The Rise of Modern Mythology, 1680-1860, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN 1972.
  • Flieger, Verlyn, J. R. R. Tolkien and the Matter of Britain, „Mythlore” 2001, t. XXIII, nr 1 (87), ss. 47-58.
  • Flieger, Verlyn, Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien’s Legendarium, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2005.
  • Flieger, Verlyn, Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien’s World, Kent: Kent State University Press.
  • Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000.
  • Garth, John, Najstarszy zarys legendarium J. R. R. Tolkiena, „Aiglos” 2006, nr 6, ss. 5-13.
  • Garth, John, Tolkien and the Great War: The Treshold of Middle-earth, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2003.
  • George, Webbe Dasent, Popular Tales from the Norse, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas 1903.
  • Green, Ewen Henry Harvey, The Crisis of Conservatism. The Politics, Economics and Ideology of the British Conservative Party. 1880-1914, London, New York: Routledge 1996.
  • Grennan, Margaret Rose, William Morris: Medievalism and Revolutionary, New York: King’s Crown Press 1945.
  • Grotta, Daniel, Tolkien. Twórca Śródziemia, przekł. Marcin Wawrzyńczak, Warszawa: Pruszyński i S-ka 1998.
  • Hostetter, Carl Franklin, Patrick Wynne, Stone Towers, „Mythlore” 1993, t. XIX, nr 4, ss. 47-55.
  • Hunter, John, The Reanimation of Antiquity and the Resistence to History: Macpherson-Scott-Tolkien, w: Tolkien’s Modern Middle Ages, red. Jane Chance, Alfred K. Sievers, New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2005.
  • Houghton, John William, Augustine in the Cottage of Lost Play: The Ainulindalë as Asterisks Cosmogony, w: Tolkien the Mediavalist, red. Jane Chance, London, New York: Routledge 2003.
  • Jalland, Patricia, United Kingdom Devolution, 1910-1914. Political Panacea or tactical Diversion?, „The English Historical Review” 1979, t. XCIV, nr 373, ss. 757-785.
  • Kliger, Samuel, The Goths in England: A Study of Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Thought, New York: Octagon Books 1971.
  • Lazo, Andrew, Gathered Round Northern Fires: The Imaginative Impact of the „Kolbítar”, w: Tolkien and the Invention of Myth. A Reader, red. Jane Chance, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press 2004.
  • Michaela, Baltasar, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Rediscovery of Myth, w: Tolkien and the Invention of Myth, red. Jane Chance, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press 2004.
  • Pigott, Grenville, A Manual of Scandinavian Mythology, Containing a Popular Account of the Two Eddas and the Religion of Odin, London: William Pickering 1839.
  • Reynolds, Patricia, Looking Forwards from the Tower: The Relationship of the Dark Ages in Northern Europe to Fantasy Literature, „Mythlore” 1987, nr 2, ss. 5-10.
  • Rosenthal, Ty, Ruch „Arts and Crafts” i J. R. R. Tolkien, „Aiglos” 2006, nr 5, ss. 28-45.
  • Scott, Waler, An Essay of Romance, w: Essays on Chivalry, Romance, and the Drama, Freeport: Ayer Co Pub 1972.
  • Shippey, Thomas Alan,The Underdeveloped Image: Anglo-Saxon in Popular Consciousness from Turner to Tolkien, w: Changing Perceptions of the Anglo-Saxons: Cultural Theory from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day, red. Donald George Scragg, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000.
  • Shippey, Thomas Alan, Goths and Huns: The Rediscovery of the Northern Cultures in the Nineteenth Century, w: The Medieval Legacy: A Symposium, red. Andreas Haarder,‎ Iorn Pio,‎ Reinhold Schroder,‎ Preben Meulengracht Sorensen, Odensee: Odense University Press 1982.
  • Shippey, Thomas Alan, Grimm, Grundtvig, Tolkien: Nationalism and the Invention od Mythologies, w: The Ways of Creative Mythologies: Imagined Worlds and Their Makers, t. I, Telford: Tolkien Society 2000.
  • Shippey, Thomas Alan, J. R. R. Tolkien: pisarz stulecia, Poznań: Zysk i S-ka 2004.
  • Shippey, Thomas Alan, The Road to Middle-earth. How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology, London: HarperCollins Publishers 1992.
  • Shippey,Thomas Alan, Underdeveloped Image: Anglo-Saxon in Popular Consciousness from Turner to Tolkien, w: Changing Perceptions of the Anglo-Saxons: Cultural Theory from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day, red. Donald George Scragg, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000.
  • Sibley, Brian, Colin Duriez, The Tolkien and Middle-earth Handbook, Speldhurst: Monarch Books 1992.
  • St. Clair, Gloriana, An Overview of the Northern Influences on Tolkien’s Work, w: Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, red. Patricia Reynolds, Glen H. GoodKnight, Altadena: Milton Keynes 1995.
  • Stanley, Eric Gerald, The Search for the Anglo-Saxon Paganism, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer 1975.
  • Talbot, Norman, Where do Elves go? Tolkien and Fantasy Tradition, w: Proceedings of the J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference, red. Patricia Reynolds, Glen H. GoodKnight, Altadena: Milton Keynes 1995.
  • The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide, t. II, red. Christina Scull, Wayne G. Hammond, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2006.
  • Thompson, Paul, The Work of William Morris, London: William Heinemann 1967.
  • Tolkien, Chrostopher, „Wstęp”, w: J. R. R. Tolkien, Niedokończone opowieści Śródziemia i Númenoru, red. Christopher Tolkien, przekł. Paulina Braiter, Atlantis-Rubicon, Warszawa 1994.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The History of Middle-Earth, t. XII, The Peoples of Middle Earth, red. Christopher Tolkien, Boston: Houghton and Mifflin 1996.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, „Mythopoeia”, w: Drzewo i liść oraz Mythopoeia, red. Christopher Tolkien, przekł. Jakub Z. Lichański, Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 1998.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, „Beowulf”. Potwory i krytycy, w: Potwory i krytycy i inne eseje, wyd. Christopher Tolkien, przekł. Tadeusz Andrzej Olszański, Poznań: Zysk i S-ka 2000.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, w: The History of Middle-earth, t.X Morgoth’s Ring, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2002.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, O baśniach, w: J. R. R. Tolkien, Potwory i krytycy i inne eseje, red. Christopher Tolkien, przekł. Tadeusz Andrzej Olszański, Poznań: Zysk i S-ka 2000.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The History of Eriol or Ælfwine and the End of Tales, w: The History of Middle-Earth, t. II: The Book of Lost Tales 2, red. Christopher Tolkien, London: Unwin Paperbacks 1989.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The History of Middle-Earth, t. VII: The Treason of Isengard, red. Christopher Tolkien, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2002.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The Notion Club Papers, w: The History of Middle-Earth, t. IX Sauron Defeated, red. Christopher Tolkien, London: HarperCollins Publishers 2002.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Drużyna Pierścienia, Warszawa: Muza 1998.
  • Tolkien John Ronald Reuel, Listy, red. Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien, przekł. Agnieszka Sylwanowicz, Poznań: Zysk i S-ka 2000.
  • Tomlinson, Henry, Great Sea Stories of All Nations, London: G. G. Harrap and Co. 1930.
  • Vigfusson, Gundbrand, Corpus Poeticum Boreale. The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue from the Earliest Times to the Thirteenth Century, red. Guðbrandur Vigfússon; F. York Powell, t. I-II, Oxford: [br. wyd.] 1883.
  • Ward, Reginald William, The Protestant Evangelical Awakening, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1992.
  • Wawn, Andrew, George Stephens, Cheapinghaven and Old Northern Antiquity, „Studies in Medievalism” 1995, nr 7, ss. 63-104.
  • Wawn, Andrew, Philology and Fantasy before Tolkien, referat wygłoszony na sympozjum The Nordic House Tolkien, Undset, Laxness, 13-14.09.2002.
  • Wawn, Andrew, The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in 19th Century Britain, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer 2002.
  • Wilberforce, William, Speech on the East India Company’s Charter Bill, House of Commons, 1 July 1813, w: The Concept of Empire: Burke to Attlee, 1774-1947, red. George Bennett, London: Adam and Charles Black 1953.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-48ffc07c-bfd7-4fc3-9581-31aacee0b71d
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.