Otwartość polskiej struktury społecznej: 1982–2016

• Authors: Henryk Domański , Bogdan W. Mach , Dariusz Przybysz

Title variants

EN

The Openness of Social Structure in Poland: 1982–2016

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Konceptualną ramą badań nad ruchliwością jest teoria modernizacji. Stwierdza się w niej, że wzrost otwartości jest dominującą tendencją, która wynika z postępującej liberalizacji i rozwoju gospodarki rynkowej. Wbrew tym oczekiwaniom bariery ruchliwości okazują się na ogół stabilne. Ustalenia te dotyczyły głównie zachodnich demokracji. Nasza analiza jest kontynuacją tego podejścia w odniesieniu do Polski. Opierając się na danych z lat 1982–2016 wskazujemy, że po pierwsze, dokonuje się systematyczne obniżenie wpływu wykształcenia na pozycję zawodową, co przeciwdziała zwiększaniu się ruchliwości międzypokoleniowej. Po drugie, tendencja ta nie obniżyła jednak tzw. względnych szans ruchliwości, chociaż mogło to być bardziej związane z przekształceniami struktury zawodowej niż ze wzrostem otwartości barier społecznych. Po trzecie, za stabilnym charakterem wzorów ruchliwości przemawia utrzymywanie się nierówności edukacyjnych. Po czwarte, okazuje się, że w odróżnieniu od badań w innych krajach, w przypadku Polski, wyższe wykształcenie nie osłabia, ale raczej wzmacnia znaczenie dziedziczenia pozycji rodziców.

EN

This paper deals with changes in the “openness” of Polish society over a 35-year period, focusing primarily on relative mobility, with some attention to changes in absolute mobility. We disentangle intergenerational occupational association into four interrelated parts: (i) relative mobility defined by the effect of social origin on destination, (ii) the relationship between social origin and education, (iii) the net effect of education on destination, and (iv) the compositional effect of education reflected in the rising share of more educated categories in the social structure. We show that changes in social fluidity were neither systematic nor easily interpretable. While our results reveal a consistently declining association between education and occupational position, unidirectional change could not be identified in the social origin-education link and in relative mobility in terms of the association between origin and destination. The origin-destination association generally increased at higher (rather than lower) educational levels.

Keywords

PL

ruchliwość; stratyfikacja; dziedziczenie

EN

mobility; stratification; inheritance

• Publisher: Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Journal: Studia Socjologiczne
• Year: 2019
• Issue: 1(232)
• Pages: 25-63

Contributors

author

Henryk Domański

• Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk

author

Bogdan W. Mach

• Insytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk

author

Dariusz Przybysz

• Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk

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Identifiers

DOI

10.24425/122489