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2019 | 60 | 115-143

Article title

Labour market flexibility in Japan: 1960–2018

Content

Title variants

PL
Elastyczność japońskiego rynku pracy: 1960–2018

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper offers an analysis of labour market developments in Japan in the post-war period. There is an original periodization based on macroeconomic performance. A systematic review of legislative initiatives as responses to questionable private sector practices delivers an image of the national economy torn by a struggle for decent working conditions. Striving for harmony in the society through increasing employment stability resulted in the creation of unique managerial solutions that allow for the circumventing of more and more rigid regulations governing the Japanese labour market. The flexibility of the labour market was reduced by consecutive legal acts aimed at protecting employees. Unfortunately, the private sector responded to these policy actions by introducing most undesirable solutions. Several decades of awkward attempts by the government to protect the labour force resulted in a situation when more than 40% of all employees work in non-standard working conditions. This, in turn means that full-time jobs are a luxury of a declining cohort. This is a good reason for concern, as this is about social inequality, also due to the lack of traditional forms of labour protection (i.e. labour unions among non-standard workers) This is what differentiates Japan from all other advanced economies. Together with the underlying society that is growing older, a declining group of full-timers creates a serious threat to the stability of the national economy, and the pension system in particular.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje analizę japońskiego rynku pracy w okresie powojennym. Autorzy oferują nowatorski podział na podokresy w oparciu o sytuację makroekonomiczną. Systematyczny przegląd inicjatyw legislacyjnych ze strony rządu w reakcji na wątpliwe etycznie praktyki sektora prywatnego przynosi obraz gospodarki rozdzieranej walką o godne warunki pracy. Dążenie do osiągnięcia harmonii w społeczeństwie poprzez zwiększanie stabilności zatrudnienia doprowadziło do wytworzenia unikalnych praktyk zarządczych umożliwiających omijanie coraz sztywniejszych reguł japońskiego rynku pracy. Elastyczność rynku pracy redukowana była kolejnymi ustawami chroniącymi pracowników. W odpowiedzi na usztywnianie reguł zarządzania nakładem pracy, sektor prywatny wprowadził rozwiązania omijające niewygodne regulacje. Kilka dekad nieudolnych prób ochrony pracowników przez centrum rządowe przyniosło sytuację, w której ponad 40% wszystkich zatrudnionych pracuje w oparciu o niestandardowe kontrakty. Oznacza to, że pracę pełnoetatową wykonuje w Japonii coraz mniejsza grupa pracowników. Wywołuje to duże kontrowersje ze względu na brak tradycyjnych form ochrony pracowników (takich jak związki zawodowe) w przypadku tej frakcji na rynku pracy. Sytuacja ta odróżnia Japonię od pozostałych krajów wysokorozwiniętych. Wraz ze starzejącym się szybko społeczeństwem malejąca grupa pracowników pełnoetatowych tworzy zagrożenie dla stabilności systemu gospodarczego, w tym systemu emerytalnego.

Contributors

author
  • Department of Economics SOKA University
  • School of International Liberal Arts MIC

References

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-4fcd5aaa-0744-48b2-b523-656f89681da5
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