The article takes up the problem of significance of literature, especially of the novel, as a symptom of alienation (Marx), which can manifests itself in the creation of possible worlds in fiction (Ricoeur), in ideology (Lukács) and in antyfiction (Marquard). The analysis of literature tropes found in economic-social conceptions reveals not only social-historical narrations, but also scientificphilosophic ones (White, Kellner).