Ocena potencjału instrumentów Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej w ochronie wód i bioróżnorodności

• Authors: Borek Robert

Title variants

EN

Evaluation of the potential of Common Agricultural Policy instruments for water and biodiversity protection

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Efektywność i skuteczność instrumentów Polityki Rolnej w ochronie zasobów zależy w dużej mierze od przeprowadzenia wiarygodnej oceny potencjału ich oddziaływania na środowisko. Przedstawiony w pracy przegląd wskaźników i analiza mechanizmów wdrażania instrumentów WPR w kontekście ochrony wód i bioróżnorodności, wskazuje na znaczący potencjał WPR we wdrażaniu polityki adaptacji i przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom wód i zaniku bioróżnorodności. Do praktyk rolnych posiadających największy wpływ na ochronę zasobów wodnych należy zaliczyć: zalesianie gruntów ornych, zachowanie naturalnych siedlisk, wprowadzanie uprawy konserwującej, systemów rolno-leśnych, zadrzewionych i zadarnionych elementów krajobrazu oraz optymalizacja obsady zwierząt i wypasu. Znaczącą redukcję wymycia biogenów z pól można również osiągnąć poprzez optymalizację aplikacji nawozów. Istotne oszczędności z tytułu użytkowania wody można uzyskać poprzez zastosowanie kroplowych instalacji nawadniających, sterowanych komputerowo. Szczególnie ważne jest wpieranie wielokierunkowej produkcji w gospodarstwach oraz działań, poprawiających jednocześnie świadczenie kilku usług ekosystemowych.

EN

The effciency and effectiveness of Common Agricultural Policy instruments for resources protection depends primarily on reliable assessment of their potential environmental impact. Overview of the environmental indicators, presented in the paper shows significant potential of the CAP instruments for climate change adaptation policies, sustainable management of water and biodiversity loss prevention measures. The most important positive effects are the following practices: afforestation of arable lands, conservation of natural habitats, conservation tillage, agroforestry systems, landscape elements such as meadows or woodlands, stocking density and grazing management. The significant reduction of nutrients leaching can be achieved by optimized application of fertilizers. Water use efficiency is improved in computer-controlled drip-irrigation systems to a considerable extent. It is of great importance to support multifunctional agriculture and mixed farming, which can increase synergies among ecosystem services, provided by farmers.

Keywords

PL

Wspólna Polityka Rolna; zasoby wodne; oszczędność zużycia wody; jakość wód; spływ powierzchniowy; bioróżnorodność

EN

Common Agricultural Policy; water resources; water use effciiency; water quality; surface runoff; biodiversity

• Publisher: Centrum Doradztwa Rolniczego w Brwinowie. Oddział w Poznaniu
• Journal: Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
• Year: 2020
• Issue: 3 (101)
• Pages: 56-71

Dates

received

2020-10-15

accepted

2020-10-20

Contributors

author

Borek Robert

• Instytut Uprawy, Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

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