Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d’Argenville i jego dzieło

• Authors: Sikora Dorota

Title variants

EN

ANTOINE-JOSEPH DEZALLIER D'ARGENVILLE

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

is indissolubly associated with the eighteenth-century Classical garden thanks to his treatise La Théorie et Pratique du Ja rdinage , published in Paris in 1709. Dezallier presented assorted issues concerning garden design in mathematical and geometrical rules, lavishly illustrated with drawings (the majority by Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Le Blond) which rendered the principles expounded by him easily translatable into foreign languages and transferable to conditions other than French. The wide impact and international popularity of La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage were linked with the adaptation of the proposed spatial solutions to the financial potential of the less prosperous social strata, and not limited to elites associated with the monarch and their closest entourage, as was the case with works by Dezallier’s predecessors. The treatise is composed of two parts: the theory of the art of gardening and practice. The first considers the principles of selecting the localisation of the residential building and the garden, the general layout of the garden, the creation of beds and parterres, the planting and cultivation of avenues, rows, and bosquets, the creation of indentations, the erection of garden pavilions, and the suitable display of figurative sculpture and other elements of architectural garden decorations. The second part deals with the application of the principles of geometry while planning gardens, conducting earth work, the construction of terraces and stairs, the transference of projects into the terrain, the selection of plants, and nursery beds. The last two chapters discuss spatial elements connected with water: fountains, cascades, pools and canals. La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage was widely known in eighteenth-century Poland, and the principles presented therein were reflected in the gardens established at the time. The vista offered from the main avenue of the Branicki Garden in Białystok looking onto the Stag and Fallow Deer Park appears to be taken straight out of Dezallier. The same holds true for garden pavilions along the axis in the Białystok garden while the localisation of the pavilion closing the main garden axis in Choroszcz, offering a distant view of the Narew valley, coincides with Dezallier’s recommendations. Green walks as well as grass-covered stairs and ascents were universally used in Wilanów Garden at the time of Maria Zofia and August Czartoryski. The considerable differentiation of the shape of the bouquets in this particular garden seems to refer to the principle frequently mentioned in the treatise, which called for the introduction of various spatial forms into garden compositions. In turn, the garden of the Blue Palace in Warsaw, with a semi-circular enclosure of the garden salon and strong architectural emphasis on the main axis as well as thicketsat the two extremes, planted in order to restore symmetry to the composition, recall the examples of small urban gardens in La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage. The contents of the Dezallier work assumes particular significance while conducting the revalorisation makes it possible to supplement information which cannot be supplied by the often extremely modest archival sources. It also enables a fuller comprehension of the principles of the functioning of an eighteenth-century garden and its cultivation. Many of the mechanisms and behaviour associated with establishing gardens, described by Dezallier, especially those concerning the mutual relations between the investor and the designer, remain surprisingly topical.

Keywords

PL

Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d’Argenville; dzieło Dezalliera; Ogród w Wolborzu; La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage; sztuka ogrodowa; teoria sztuki ogrodowej; teoretycy ogrodu klasycznego; kompozycja ogrodu klasycznego; ogród Branickich w Choroszczy; ogród w Wilanowie; ogrodnictwo; projektowanie ogrodów; teoria ogrodnictwa; ogród przy Pałacu Błękitnym w Warszawie

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 2002
• Issue: 3-4
• Pages: 391-403

Dates

published

2002

Contributors

author

Sikora Dorota

• architekt krajobrazu, Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków

References

• Gerard Ciołek. Ogrody polskie, Warszawa 1954;
• Longin Majdecki. Historia ogrodow. Warszawa 1981
• Michel Conan, La Famille Dezallier, Createurs de jardins et de paysages en France de la renaissance au XXle siecle, t. 1, pod redakcją Miehela Racine’a, Wersal 2001. Ecole Nationale Superieure du Paysage.
• William Howard Adams, Dezallier D'Argenville and the Garden o f the Enlightenment, materiały pokonferencyjne. The Tenth Congress on the Enlightenment, Dublin 1999.

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247