EN
In this article the author presents results of his research during a research scholarship in the Lithuanian Institute of History in Vilnius in autumn 2011. The article describes the activity of the Polish scientific community in Lithuania, centered primarily in the Association of Polish Scientists in Lithuania and in several academic centers of Vilnius. The author discusses academic initiatives of the Polish scientific community, such as the establishment of the Polish University in Vilnius or the creation of a subsidiary of the University of Bialystok. In addition, he focuses on the role of the University of Vilnius and the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences. The author utilizes books, scientific periodicals and the Polish-language press in Lithuania as well as in-depth interviews with a number of representatives of the Polish scientific community in Lithuania.