EN
The primary aim of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of the Council of Europe Convention against Traffi cking in Human Organs, which was opened for signature in March 2015, and to examine Polish criminal legislation in this respect. Additionally, the article outlines the scale and main causes of the global problem of illegal transplants. It also presents the Convention from an international law perspective. The analysis performed makes it possible to conclude that the Convention fi lled in a gap in international standards, however its practical impact and effectiveness will proba bly be limited. Regarding Polish legislation, in the authors’ opinion, it is generally compatible with the Convention’s aims and provisions, albeit some changes would be required to apply it properly.