Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2017 | 2 (13) | 29-41

Article title

Prusy, Rzesza i Mitteleuropa. Wokół niemieckiego tła Aktu 5 listopada 1916 r.

Title variants

EN
Prussia, Reich and Mitteleuropa (Middle Europe). The German background of the Act of 5th November 1916

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
This article deals with the issue of the German background of a declaration of Two Emperors of the 5th of November 1916 which announced restitution of the Polish Kingdom. This background resulted from several separate decision centres: the Reich’s government, the Prussian cabinet (Staatsministerium) and the German Military Headquarters (OHL). Notably, the German government and (to certain degree) the OHL had to overcome the resistance of the Prussian government which regarded the concessions made to Poles excessive and as such posing a threat to the vital Prussian interests (predominantly territorial integrity). In this context, the endeavours to solve the Polish question in Germany during World War I is a clear example of the persistence of particular interests within the Reich and the painful process of ultimate abandoning thereof. The idea of Mitteleuropa provides evidence that “a sense of strategic imagination” (as far as the Polish cause was concerned) was much more vivid among German political writers during WWI than among German political decision-makers of that time. However, there was one important exception to this rule, namely general H. Beseler, head of the German occupation apparatus in Poland (1915–1918). He used to criticise the lack of understanding of the importance of the Polish cause in the Berlin government circles, the OHL and among radical nationalists (the Pan-German League, the German Eastern Marches Society).

Year

Issue

Pages

29-41

Physical description

Contributors

  • Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polska Akademia Nauk ul. Mielżyńskiego 27/29, 61–725 Poznań

References

  • List H. Beselera do żony, 1 VII 1916, Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv Freiburg in Breisgau, N 30/54, s. 42.
  • List H. Beselera do żony, 26 II 1916, Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv Freiburg in Breisgau, N 30/54, s. 15.
  • Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv Freiburg in Breisgau , Nachlaß von Beseler, N 30 / 55, s. 4.
  • Conze W., Polnische Nation und deutsche Politik im ersten Weltkrieg, Köln/Graz 1958.
  • Geiss I., Tzw. polski pas graniczny 1914–1918. Przyczynek do niemieckiej polityki wojennej w czasie I wojny światowej, Warszawa 1964.
  • Grosfeld L., Polityka państw centralnych wobec sprawy polskiej w latach 1914–1918, Warszawa 1962.
  • Hausner A., Die Polenpolitik der Mittelmächte und die österreichisch-ungarische Militärverwaltung in Polen während des Weltkrieges, Wien 1935.
  • Kauffman J., Elusive Alliance. The German occupation of Poland in World War I, Cambridge (Mass.) 2015.
  • List Beselera do żony, 3 XI 1916, Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv Freiburg in Breisgau, N 30/54, s. 68.
  • List H. Beselera do żony, 22 X 1915, Bundesarchiv – Militärarchiv Freiburg in Breisgau, N 30/53, s. 23.
  • Liulevicius V.G., The German myth oft he East. 1800 to the present, Oxford 2009.
  • Łysoń R., Konsekwentne działania czy improwizacja? Niemieckie plany wojenne wobec Polski w okresie I wojny światowej, Historia Slavorum Occidentis, (2015), nr 2, s. 150–167.
  • McMeekin S., The russian origins of the First World War, Cambridge (Mass.) 2011.
  • Mikietyński P., Niemiecka droga ku Mitteleuropie. Polityka II Rzeszy wobec Królestwa Polskiego (1914–1916), Kraków 2009.
  • Pajewski J., „Mitteleuropa”. Studia z dziejów imperializmu niemieckiego w dobie pierwszej wojny światowej, Poznań 1959.
  • Showalter D.E., Tannenberg 1914. Zderzenie imperiów, tłum. R. Dymek, Warszawa 2005.
  • Spät R., Die „polnische Frage” in der öffentlichen Diskussion im Deutschen Reich, 1894-1918, Marburg 2014.
  • Stempina A., Próba „moralnego podboju” Polski przez Cesarstwo Niemieckie w latach I wojny światowej, Warszawa 2013.
  • Szymczak D., Między Habsburgami a Hohenzollernami. Rywalizacja niemieCentralny Komitet Obywatelski w Piotrogrodzie-austro-węgierska w okresie I wojny światowej a odbudowa państwa polskiego, Kraków 2009.
  • Vermeiren J., The first world war and German national identity, Cambridge 2016, s. 145.
  • Volkmann H.E. , Die Polenpolitik des Kaiserreichs. Prolog zum Zeitalter der Weltkriege, Paderborn 2016.
  • Watson A., Ring of steel. Germany and Austria-Hungary at war, 1914–1918, London 2015.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-672f7652-aaa0-4f8b-98fc-f9d63e31037e
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.