Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego i handlu zagranicznego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939)

• Authors: Klimiuk Zbigniew

Title variants

EN

Conditions of economic development and foreign trade of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the interwar period (1918-1939)

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The economic development of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the interwar period did not remove essential structural defects in foreign trade, such as: regionalism, compliance of export and import directions, too much concentration on several markets, low assortment diversity and typically raw material and agricultural export structure. Mutual exchange took place on a small scale and was often unilateral, and its size did not generally exceed 10% of the total turnover of this zone. In addition, it was also characterized by a significant degree of concentration and occurred mainly between neighboring countries and in a narrow range. One of the fundamental reasons explaining the low level of mutual trade was the far-reaching mutual competitiveness of the economies of these countries. The high similarity of export structures and assortments as well as the identity of import needs at a weak level, with a similar export expansion rate, have created significant elements of competition between the economies of the region. In the interwar period, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were not strongly involved in foreign trade, with the exception of Czechoslovakia. They were generally poorly developed raw material and agricultural countries, exporting mainly raw materials and food to developed countries of Western Europe, and in particular to Germany. Their total share in world trade was at the level of approx. 3% at that time. The low level of involvement of these countries in world trade was indicated in particular by small export volumes per one inhabitant.

Keywords

EN

Central and Eastern Europe; interwar period; international trade; economic structure; economic policy; industri-alization; investments

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego
• Journal: Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
• Year: 2021
• Volume: 1
• Pages: 75-88

Dates

published

2021-06-30

Contributors

author

Klimiuk Zbigniew

• Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych w Warszawie

References

• ALDCROFT, D. H. (1993), The European Economy 1914-1990. London. Google Scholar
• BAILES, E. K. (1978), Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin: Origins of the Soviet Technical Intelli-gentsia, 1917-1941. Princeton. Google Scholar
• BARSZCZEWSKI, W. (1930), Dumping sowiecki. W: Przegląd Gospodarczy. 21, 890-894. Google Scholar
• BAUER, P. T. (1957), The Economics of Underdevaloped Countries. London. Google Scholar
• BOELCKE, W. A. (1994), Deutschlands als Welthandelsmacht 1930-1945. Stuttgart/Berlin/Köln. Google Scholar
• CARR, E. (1961), International Relations Between the Two World Wars 1919-1939. London. Google Scholar
• DAVIS, J. (1975), The World Between the Wars, 1919-1939; An Economist’s View. London. Google Scholar
• DOBRSKA, Z. (1959), Rola eksportu kapitału z krajów uprzemysłowionych w rozwoju gospodarczym do krajów zacofanych. Studia z zakresu koniunktury współczesnego kapitalizmu. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• EINZIG, P. (1932), The World Economic Crisis. London. Google Scholar
• GRABSKA, W. (1964), Ekspansja Niemiec na Wschód. Wrocław. Google Scholar
• GRAVELL, W. (1938), Außenhandel in der Nationalwirtschaft. Stuttgart. Google Scholar
• GRYZIEWICZ, S. (1951), Główne problemy rozwoju gospodarczego Polski w okresie 1919-39. Londyn. Google Scholar
• HIMMER, G. R. (1972), The German-Soviet Economic Relations, T. 2. New York. Google Scholar
• HIRSCHMAN, A. O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven. Google Scholar
• Industrialization (1944), Industrialization and Foreign Trade. League of Nations. Economic, Financial and Transit Department. Geneva. Google Scholar
• International Capital (1953), International Capital Movements During the Inter-War Period. New York. Google Scholar
• International Compensation (1961), International Compensation in Commodity Trade. New York. Google Scholar
• KRUGMANN, H. W. (1939), Südosteuropa und Großdeutschland. Breslau. Google Scholar
• KUCZYŃSKI, J. (1949), Studien zur Geschichte der Weltwirtschaft. Berlin. Google Scholar
• LANDAU, L. (1939), Gospodarka światowa. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• LATHAM, A. J. H. (1981), The Depression and the Developing World, 1914-1939. London. Google Scholar
• LEWIS, W. A. (1949), Economic Survey1919-1939. London. Google Scholar
• ŁOPATNIUK, S. (1986), Polsko-radzieckie stosunki gospodarcze 1921-1939. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• MADDISON, A. (2002), The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. OECD. Paris. Google Scholar
• MOORE, W. E. (1945), Economic Demography of Eastern and southern Europe. Genewa. Google Scholar
• MUNTING, R./HOLDERNESS, B. A. (1991), Crisis, Recovery and War An Economic History of Continental Eu-rope, 1918-1945. New York. Google Scholar
• MYRDAL, G. (1956), An International Economy. London. Google Scholar
• NURKSE, R. (1963), Wpływ obrotów międzynarodowych na rozwój gospodarczy. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• OHLIN, B. (1935), Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge. Google Scholar
• Relative Princes (1949), Relative Princes of Export and Imports of Underdeveloped Countries. New York. Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, L. (1937), Wielkie przesilenie gospodarcze, Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne. Kraków. Google Scholar
• ROSTOW, W. W. (1952), The Process Economic Growth. New York. Google Scholar
• SACHS, I. (1963), Handel zagraniczny a rozwój gospodarczy. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• SCHEIDER, K. (1937), Der Welthandel im Clearingverkehr. Berlin. Google Scholar
• SERAPHIM, H. (1943), Deutsch-südosteuropäische Wirtschafsgemeinschaft. Berlin. Google Scholar
• STANLEY, E. (1935), War and Private Investor. New York. Google Scholar
• STRASBURGER, H. (1939), Handel zagraniczny w służbie gospodarki narodowej. Warszawa. Google Scholar
• TEICHOVA, A. (1982), Aspects of Capita1 Accumulation in Interwar Central-East European Industry. In: History of European Ideas. 3, 79-93. Google Scholar
• VINER, J. (1954), International Trade and Economic Development. New York. Google Scholar
• WELLISZ, L. (1938), Foreign capital in Poland. London. Google Scholar