Prace budowlane na zamkach w Grudziądzu i Toruniu u progu XIV wieku. Przyczynek do badań nad średniowiecznymi warsztatami budowlanymi w Prusach

• Authors: Bogusz Wasik

Title variants

EN

Building works within the castles in Grudziądz and Toruń at the beginning of 14th century. Contribution to research on medieval builder’s workshop in Prussia

DE

Bauarbeiten an den Schlössern in Graudenz und Thorn an der Schwelle des 14. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der mittelalterlichen Bauwerkstätten in Preußen

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Grudziądz and Toruń are located upon the Vistula on Chełmno Land. The castles in both cities have been the object of interest for researchers for a long time. The remains of the fortress in Toruń were examined in the years 1958-1966. The architecturalresearch of the remains was recently published by Zbigniew Nawrocki. The archeological investigations of the convent house in Grudziądz, however, were conducted in the 40ties of the 20th century by Hans Jacobi, and the next excavations on a large scale were carried out there in the years 2008–2009 under the direction of Marcin Wiewióra. The city in Grudziądz was taken over by the Teutonic Knights in 1234 and in the 60ties of the 13th century became the commander’s residence. It is possible that it was then, but more likely after Prussia had come into existence (70ties/80ties of the 13th century), that building of the brick castle, starting from the east part of the south wing, was put up. In the 90ties, the circle of the walls was closed and further works on the main wing were conducted. In 1236, the Teutonic Knights relocated the fortress of Toruń to its current place. In the mid-13th century, the Commandry was created and the building of a brick fortress started. In the 60ties, building of the main wing – the chapel was started and finished about 1270–1280. On the turn of the 13th and 14th century, as well as in the first years of the 14th century, the two castles were redeveloped. Both investments indicate that there was one thought of creating the space and second-rate-features confirm the activity of the same builder’s workshops in the fortresses. In Grudziądz, the main wing was finished (chapel’s consecration took place in 1299). The last building works also continued in the chapel of Toruń’s castle, what is indicated by floor slabs made in accordance with the same kind of matrix. In both convent houses, a sidewalls wing in the same configuration was added, connecting the buildings with a gallery, main tower and “gdanisko”. Both investments also combine secondary features, in the form of architectural detail: forms of ribbed fittings with trapezoidal headings, mentioned rhomboidal floor stabs with the motives of heraldic lilies and roses as well as glazing of building ceramics. On the basis of those parallels, one can state that both developments were conducted by the same builder and builder’s workshop. It may be possible that the St James’ church gallery in Toruń, dated ca 1309–1320, was the later creation of that craftsman. Also there, similar ribbed fittings were used, and the implementations of enamel details emphasize high artistic level of the building.

• Publisher: Muzeum w Grudziądzu
• Journal: Rocznik Grudziądzki
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 22
• Pages: 99-112

Contributors

author

Bogusz Wasik

• Toruń