Zabytkowe budowle drewniane Mongolii i problemy ich ochrony

• Authors: Ulzybatyn Erdenebat

Title variants

EN

WOODEN BUILDINGS OF HISTORIC INTEREST IN MONGOLIA AND PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THEIR PROTECTION

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The majority of historic monuments in Mongolia is made of wooden buildings erected between 16th and 20th century. In 1568 Emperor Abtaj-chan endowed the first Lamaist cloister in Mongolia (Erdene- -dzu). In 1737 Amarbaisagalant, the biggest of all historic wooden temples, was built. In the twenties of this century Mongolia had 700 worship centres. Basing on their craft traditions Mongolian builders often constructed collapsible temples which could be transferred from one place to another. They were designed after Mongolian yurtas and the main materials used in building them were wood and thick felt. In the thickly-wooded northern region of the country wood was nearly the only building material. Going from the north to the south of Mongolia, from mountainous regions down to steppes and deserts, wood was employed ever more rarely. Individual circles of Mongolian building culture used different constructional techniques, which, however, displayed a number of common traditional features. The site of future buildings was always chosen very carefully by specialists who paid attention to their appropriation, climate conditions, soil quality, etc. They did not make foundations very deep in the ground but often pressed down a basement soil. Where wooden pillars of a framework construction were to be placed they put flat stone plates. Wooden pillars were topped with wooden beams and this entire roof construction provided the most interesting solution. Walls were made of bricks or wooden boards. Roofs were usually covered with tiles or wooden boards. Tiles were burnt in blue by means of a special technique, very popular in Far East, and occasionally glazed in different colours. As a building material, wood is most sensitive to various harmful factors and requires constant conservation. To prepare wood properly, builders employed a number of techniques. By now, old technologies have been nearly totally totally forgotten. The most important question in the protection of historic wooden buildings in Mongolia is now to organize efficient monument protection services and to train skilled conservators.

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1979
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 133-136

Dates

published

1979

Contributors

author

Ulzybatyn Erdenebat

• mgr, Pracownia Konserwacji Zabytków w Ułan Bator