Wczesnośredniowieczne podgrodzie w Świeciu n. Osą, gm. loco, stan. 1, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie w świetle badań archeologicznych

• Authors: Małgorzata Kurzyńska

Title variants

EN

The Early Medieval settlement beyond the city walls in Świecie-upon-Osa, capital of the gmina, state 1, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in the light of archeological research

DE

Frühmittelaterliche Vorburg in Schwetz/Ossa, Gemeinde: loco, Stelle 1, Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern, im Lichte der archäologischen Forschungen

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The results of archeological research conducted in 1980 on element II (settlement beyond the city walls) of the city complex in Świecie-upon-Osa by the employees of the Grudziądz’s museum: Ryszard Boguwolski (leading the research) and Ryszard Kirkowski is the subject of this study. The settlement in Świecie-upon-Osa belongs to double-barreled settlements. It has the shape of irregular ellipsis measuring 5800 m2. Element I (proper borough) occupies Part N of the height, its dimensions at the base measure ca 95 x 40 m (3800 m2), whereof 1100 m2 falls on courtyard. Facing N, NW and S, clear is upthrust of mound, the biggest related to courtyard measures ca 2,5 m. Element II (settlement beyond the city walls) measuring ca 2000 m2 occupies the south part of the upland. During the research in 1980, within the settlement beyond the city walls, 12 excavations measuring 4,4 x 4,5 m were established, in its west, north-west part, numbered from 21/80 to 32/80. On that surface, the remains of 22 dens filled with ceramic material and ground layers deep for 30–60 cm The micro region in Świecie-upon-Osa was superficially examined in 1989 by R. Kirkowski within the Archeological Photo of Poland. Around the borough, remains of early medieval settlements were located: Świecie-upon-Osa, stand 27 (supposed settlement from 9–10th century?); stand 21 (supposed settlement from 2nd half of 10–11th century); stand 22 (undetermined settlement point from 9th–1st half of 10th? century; stand 24 (unspecified point from 11–12th century) (ill. 1). In 2004, other multicultural stand was discovered south-east from the borough, on which traces of early medieval settlement from 7th century were registered. The development phases of pottery in the settlement beyond the city walls in Świecie-upon-Osa and the stages of occupation: Both layer and object analysis of the whole pottery collection allowed distinguishing the following pottery development phases and occupancy stages in the settlement beyond the city walls: I stage of object’s occupancy (town?) is related to stage IIIa of the pottery development on Chełmno Land. The settlement was functioning within the main element and the settlement beyond the city walls (object 15). In II stage, only for the settlement beyond the city walls one succeeded in allocating object units with ceramics characteristic for sub-phase IIIb–IIIc of the pottery development on Chełmno Land. It is said that the main town was settled between end of phase IIIa and end of 11th century. Basing on the analysis of ceramics from unit II, it appears that the settlement functioning in that time was not of a short-time-character but it was stable settlement, representing by objects 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 16, 19. In that time one open settlement functioned outside the town (ill. 1, 5). III stage of settlement – phase IVa–IVb according to D. Poliński – falls on the first half of 12th century. This stage was not distinguished in the catalogue of towns for this stand. In the settlement beyond the city walls, the ceramics unit of phase IVa was registered in object 20. In the object 10, 16, fragments of pottery which can be dated inwider chronological frames, IVa–IVb. IV stage of settlement – sub-phase IVb/Va which, according to D. Poliński, includes turn of early and late medieval times, from 12/13th century until half or quarter of 13th century. V stage of settlement – sub-phase Va according to D. Poliński – 4. quarter of 13th century (30.ties of 13th century until first half of 15th century (?)). Function of cultural objects: One may assume that some of the discovered objects were performing residential function (10, 15), most was of economically-productive character (1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20–22) and part was ordinary waste holes (2, 4, 8 and 11). The interpretation of objects 5, 9, 17 (ill. 14: A, C, E) is quite problematic, regular rectangular contours may suggest the remains of tomb excavation. The inside development of the settlement beyond the city walls. The layout of pits clearly suggests the ambient arrangement of development around the mound. The analysis of the pits does not indicate that they form functionally and timely tight units (farms).

• Publisher: Muzeum w Grudziądzu
• Journal: Rocznik Grudziądzki
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 22
• Pages: 23-64

Contributors

author

Małgorzata Kurzyńska

• Grudziądz