Kasztel w Murowanej Goślinie. Odkrycie nieznanego dworu obronnego

• Authors: Borwiński Jerzy

Title variants

EN

A castellum in Murowana Goślina. Discovery of an unknown fortified manor house

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

In 2004 L. Kajzer wrote a remark that rightly identifies the scope of interest of architecture researchers: “Castles erected by rulers, secular aristocracy and clergy, are not only the largest residential and defensive seats... The medieval Poland’s architectural landscape was not limited to residences of great oligarchs and peasant cottages... Not only massive fortified residences or castles with a purely military character were erected, but also smaller residential complexes, whose fortification was an element required by conventions of the time... Therefore, our range of knowledge about smaller residences, that is, various types of manors and fortifications is worse... they were more exposed to complete damage and disregard.” An ancient, huge fortified manor in Murowana Goślina – this is what it should be called like – has been raised from the depths of negligence, owing to current studies. An original manor building was erected on a more complicated and richer plan than the surviving palace. The existing cellar in a south-western corner was originally a surface part of the corner extension. Similar remains of walls under the ground were found in south-eastern and south-western corners. They constitute lower fragments of the remaining corner extensions. Therefore, this was a building erected on a rectangular floor plan, with an avant-corps in the middle of a western façade and with corner extensions. During architectural studies carried out in 2013 breakthrough discoveries were made, which allow formulating farreaching conclusions that trigger new research findings. A relic of a wall in Gothic style, discovered in the cellar, justifies the hypothesis of the existence in Middle Ages of a town owner’s residence made of stone, with a probably defensive character, in place of the current palace. Perhaps it was a tower building. The structure of a discovered early modern building (forms and materials used) allowed researchers to classify it as a stone manor with corner extensions. Therefore, it is a castellum. Due to its evidently defensive character, the former local tradition applied a customary name of a castle, which is wrong from the scientific point of view. Castles have yards, while castellums do not. Therefore, by relying only on written sources historians must have been wrong while using the name “castle.” Thorough reconstructions carried out in the 19th century transformed the original castellum to such an extent that they cleared the tracks of the old fortification. Therefore, the building has been recorded in historiography as a palace built in 1841. As a result of the latest studies, it has been proved it was not so. The walls of a defensive manor house from the 16th or the first half of the 17th century, covered by new costumes of particular styles, reach much higher than today’s surface.

Keywords

PL

Murowana Goślina; kasztel w Murowanej Goślinie; pałac w Murowanej Goślinie; badania architektoniczne w Murowanej Goślinie; dwór obronny w Murowanej Goślinie

EN

Murowana Goślina; castellum in Murowana Goślina; palace in Murowana Goślina; architectural research in Murowana Goślina; fortified manor in Murowana Goślina

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 2015
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 133-142

Dates

published

2015

Contributors

author

Borwiński Jerzy

• konserwator zabytkoznawca, specjalista ds. badań architektonicznych, główny specjalista w Biurze Miejskiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Poznaniu

References

• Brust M., Dzieje Murowanej Gośliny, Poznań 2006.
• Jakimowicz T., Dwór murowany w Polsce w XVI wieku, Poznań 1979.
• Kajzer L., Dwory w Polsce od średniowiecza do współczesności, Warszawa 2010.
• Kajzer L., Zamki i dwory obronne w Polsce centralnej, Warszawa 2004.
• Pałat Z., Murowana Goślina. Studium historyczno-urbanistyczne, Poznań 1991.

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247