Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2016 | VIII | 365-380

Article title

PRZYBYCIE KUBAŃCZYKÓW DO ANGOLI W 1975 ROKU – REAKCJA MIĘDZYNARODOWA

Content

Title variants

EN
THE CUBAN TROOPS ARRIVAL TO ANGOLA IN 1975 – INTERNATIONAL REACTION

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
The article refers the powers reaction in 1975 during the Cuban troops arrival to Angola. The Angolan conflict was one of elements of the American – Soviet confrontations during the cold war on the Southern Africa territory. Both US and USSR became interested in Africa much more when Cubans arrived to Angola. The year of Angola independent was a beginning of sustained civil war. In the Angolan conflict, US, USSR, Cuba, RSA, China, Zaire and other countries were diplomatically engaged. The biggest three sides of civil war: MPLA, UNITA and FNLA were using a foreign help what increase a warfare. The Angolan conflict influenced on many countries in Africa and beyond it. Ending the war was one of the most important problem in Africa.

Keywords

PL

Contributors

  • Uniwersytet Łódzki

References

  • 20 de Octubre de 1963, Memorándum de Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, Mayor Raúl Castro a Majors Flavio Bravo y Jorge Serguera, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses10.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • 21 November 1967, CIA Special Memorandum, „Bolsheviks and Heroes: The USSR and Cuba”, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses8.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • 22 de Noviembre de 1972, Memorándum „Sobre envio de compañeros a Angola y Mozambique”, de Mayor Manuel Piñeiro Losada al Mayor Raúl Castro Ruz, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses7.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • 27 June 1975, US National Security Council meeting, cyt. za: J. M. Hanhimäki, O. A. Westad, The Cold War. A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts, Oxford 2013.
  • 11 de Agosto de 1975, Memorándum Informe sobre visita a Angola, del Mayor Raúl Díaz Arguelles al Mayor Raúl Castro Ruz, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses5.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • 2 December 1975, White House Memorandum of Conversation with Chinese Officials: „The Soviet Union; Europe; the Middle East; South Asia; Angola”, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses4.pdf , 30 I 2016>.
  • February 1985, Soviet Policy in Southern Africa, NIE 11/70-85, <http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000681977.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • „Cuba and the Struggle for Democracy in South Africa”, http://www.sahistory.org.za /topic/cuba-and-struggle-democracy-south-africa, 25 I 2016 r.
  • „National Union for the Total Independence of Angola”, <http://fas.org/irp/world/para/unita.htm, 30 I 2016>.
  • „Obituary: Jonas Savimbi, Unita’s local”, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/264094.stm, 30 I 2016>.
  • „UNITA Forces In The Border War (Angola & South West Africa) 1980 to 1989”, <http://www.fireandfury.com/orbats/modunita.pdf, 30 I 2016>.
  • Africa Contemporary Record 1975-76: Annual Survey and Documents, red. C. Legum, London 1976.
  • Alao A., Brothers at War: Dissidence and Rebellion in Southern Africa, London 1994.
  • Angola Pact’s Unanswered Question: Savimbi, „The Washington Post” z 25 VI 1989 r.
  • Angola Pact’s Unanswered Question: Savimbi, „The Washington Post” z 25 VI 1989 r.
  • Ciment J., Angola and Mozambique: Postcolonial Wars in Southern Africa, New York 1997.
  • Daniel J., The Impact of the Cold War and the Fall of the Berlin Wall on Southern Africa, <http://www.kas.de/upload/Publikationen/Panorama/2009/1/daniel.pdf , 30 I 2016>.
  • George E., The Cuban Intervention in Angola, London–New York 2005.
  • Interview with Robert W. Hultslander, former CIA Station Chief in Luanda, Angola, <http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/transcript.html, 30 I 2016>.
  • J. Hashimoto, „Cold War Chat: Chester Crocker, Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs”, <https://web.archive.org/web/20060923171400/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/guides/debate/chats/crocker/, 30 I 2016>.
  • James M. W., Historical Dictionary of Angola, Plymouth 2011.
  • Kalley J., Schoeman E., Andor L. E., Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997, London 1999.
  • Kongo people, <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Kongo-people, 30 I 2016>.
  • Kukkuk L., Letters to Gabriella. Angola’s Last War for Peace: What the UN did and why, Saratosa 2005.
  • Mbundu (people), <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Mbundu, 30 I 2016>.
  • Meredith M., Historia współczesnej Afryki. Pół wieku niepodległości, Warszawa 2011.
  • Ovimbundu (people), <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Ovimbundu, 30 I 2016>.
  • Rothchild D. S., Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation, Washington 1997.
  • Savimbi J., The War against Soviet Colonialism, „Policy Review”, 1986, <http://www.unz.org/Pub/PolicyRev-1986q1-00018?View=PDF, 30 I 2016>.
  • Savimbi J., The War against Soviet Colonialism, „Policy Review”, January 1986, s. 18–25.Savimbi Says Rebels Will Honor Truce, „The Washington Post” z 28 VIII 1989 r.
  • Savimbi Says Rebels Will Honor Truce, „The Washington Post” z 28 VIII 1989 r.
  • Shubin V., Angola (1974–1990): The Torturous Road to Independence, [w:] Southern Africa in the Cold War, post-1974, red. S. Onslow, A. M. van Wyk, Pennsylvania 2013.
  • Shubin V., The USSR and Southern Africa during the Cold War, „Occasional Paper”, November 2008, nr 1.
  • Stockwell J., In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story, London 1978.
  • Tvedten I., Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, Boulder 1997.
  • Walker J. F., A Certain Curve of Horn: The Hundred-Year Quest for the Giant Sable Antelope of Angola, New York 2002.
  • Westad O. A., Moscow and the Angolan Crisis, 1974–1976: A New Pattern of Intervention in Cold War International History, „Cold War International History Project Bulletin”, Issue 8–9, 1996/1997, ed. J.G. Hershberg, s. 21–35.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-9d4efada-db82-42f0-bdf2-9a051bc81351
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.