Jezus zmartwychwstał czy został obdarzony zmartwychwstaniem? Interpretacja nowotestamentalnych form strony biernej czasownika ἐγείρω

• Authors: Piwowar Andrzej

Title variants

EN

Did Jesus raise or was he raised from the dead? Interpretation of the passive forms of the verb ἐγείρω in the New Testament

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

The article focuses on the interpretation of the passive forms of the verb ἐγείρωused with reference to Jesus’s resurrection. It offers a detailed analysis of the deployment of the word in the Greek text of the New Testament as well as discusses the possibility of interpreting Greek passive forms in a reflexive way. The verb ἐγείρωappears in various contexts and it is analyzed here depending on its meaning in a given context (primarily “to raise” and “to raise someone”). When the verb means “to raise,” it is intransitive, and its passive forms should be interpreted as reflexive. When it refers to resurrection, passive forms may be interpreted in the same way, but since they refer also to other persons apart from Jesus (e.g. John the Baptist), they should be treated as passive. While Jesus – as God – could have raised himself, people could not have done the same on their own – they were raised by God. It is a theological argument, then, that plays a role here. Furthermore, it seems that when used with reference to resurrection, the verb should be treated as transitive (as corroborated by its active forms), which further justifies the interpretation of the passive forms as passive.

Keywords

PL

ἐγείρω; strona bierna czasownika; zmartwychwstanie; powstanie z martwych; wskrzeszenie

EN

ἐγείρω; passive voice; resurrection; being raised from the dead; raising someone from the dead

• Publisher: Faculty of Theology at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin / Wydawnictwo KUL, ul. Zbożowa 61, 20-827 Lublin, Poland
• Journal: Biblical Annals
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 7(64/2)
• Pages: 251-269

Dates

published

2017-06-10

Contributors

author

Piwowar Andrzej

• Instytut Nauk Biblijnych, Wydział Teologii, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

References

• A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 2 1979).
• Allan R.J., The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek. A Study in Polysemy (Studies in Classical Philology 11) (Amsterdam: Brill, 2003).
• Allan R., „Voice”, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics (red. G.K. Giannakis) (Leiden – Boston: Brill, 2014) III, 494-502.
• Abramowiczówna Z. (red.), Słownik grecko-polski (Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1958) I-IV.
• Auerbach M. – Golias M., Gramatyka grecka (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PWN, 2000).
• Basile N., Sintassi storica del greco antico (Bari: Levante Editori, 2001).
• Blass F. – Debrunner A., Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento (Introduzione allo studio della Bibbia. Supplementi 2; Brescia, Paideia, 21997).
• Cignelli L. – Pierri R., Sintassi di greco biblico [Lxx e NT]. Quaderno II.A: Le Diatesi (Analecta 77; Milano: Edizioni Terra Santa, 2010).
• Coenen L., „ἐγείρω”, New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (red. C. Brown) (Carlise: Paternoster Press, 2 1992) III, 279-281.
• Conybeare F.C. – Stock S.G., Grammar of Septuagint Greek. With Selected Readings, Vocabularies, and Updated Indexes (Boston: Hendrickson Publishers, 1995).
• Decker R.J., Reading Koine Greek. An Introduction and Integrated Workbook (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2014).
• Humbert J., Syntaxe grecque (Collection de Philologie Classique II) (Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 3 1980).
• Jurewicz O. (opr.), Slownik grecko-polski (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN, 2000) I-II.
• Katechizm Kościoła Katolickiego (Poznań: Pallottinum, 1994).
• Konkordanz zum Novum Testamentum graece von Nestle-Aland, 26. Auflage und zum Greek New Testament, 3rd Edition (Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter, 3 1987).
• Köstenberger A.J. – Merkle B.L. – Plummer R., Going Deeper with New Testament Greek. An Intermediate Study of the Grammar and Syntax of the New Testament (Nashville: Academic, 2016).
• Kühner R. – Bernhard G., Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache. Teil II: Satzlehre (Darmstadt: WBG, 2015).
• Liddell H.G. – Scott R., A Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 101996).
• Maggioni B., „Risurrezione”, Temi teologici della Bibbia (red. R. Penna – G. Perego – G. Ravasi) (Cinisello Balsamo: Edizioni San Paolo, 2010) 1169-1174.
• Montanari F., Vocabolario della lingua greca (Torino: Loescher Editore, 2 2004).
• Moulton J.H., A Grammar of New Testament Greek J.H. Moulton. Volume I: Prolegomena (Edinburg: T&T Clark, 3 1998).
• Muraoka T., A Syntax of Septuagint Greek (Leuven – Paris – Bristol: Peeters, 2016).
• Nestle E. & E. – Aland B. & K. – Karavidopoulos J. – Martini C.M. – Metzger B.M. (red.), Novum Testamentum Graece (Stuttagrt: Deutsche Bibellschaft, 282012).
• Oepke A., „ἐγείρω, ἔγερσις, ἐξεγείρω, γρηγορέω (ἀγρυπνέω)”, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (red. G. Kittel) (Grand Rapids: WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995) II, 333-339.
• Piwowar A., Greka Nowego Testamentu. Gramatyka (Bibliteca „Verbum Vitae” 1; Kielce: Instytut Teologii Biblijnej VERBUM, 2010).
• Piwowar A., Składnia języka greckiego Nowego Testamentu (Materiały Pomocnicze do Wykładów z Biblistyki 13; Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2016).
• Popowski R., Wielki słownik grecko-polski Nowego Testamentu. Wydanie z pełną lokalizacją greckich haseł, kluczem polsko-greckim oraz indeksem form czasownikowych (Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza „Vocatio”, 4 2006).
• Popowski R. – Wojciechowski M. (red.), Grecko-polski Nowy Testament. Wydanie interlinearne z kluczem gramatycznym, z kodami Stronga i Popowskiego oraz pełną transliteracją greckiego tekstu (Prymasowska Seria Biblijna; Warszawa: Vocatio, 9 2014).
• Ratzinger J., Wprowadzenie w chrześcijaństwo (Kraków: Znak, 2006).
• Ratzinger J./Benedykt XVI, Jezus z Nazaretu Część II: Od wjazdu do Jerozolimy do Zmartwychwstania (Kielce: Jedność, 2011).
• Robertson A.T., A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (Nashville: Broadman Press, 2010).
• Romizi R., Greco antico. Vocabolario greco italiano etimologico e ragionato (Bologna: Zanichelli, 32007).
• Rossi L., Vocabolario greco italiano (Città di Castello: Società Editrice Dante Alighieri, 1995).
• Smyth H.W., Greek Grammar (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1984).
• Stasiak S., „Zmartwychwstanie Chrystusa w hymnach chrystologicznych św. Pawła”, Verbum Vitae 15 (2009) 229-247.
• Swetnam J., Il greco del Nuovo Testamento. I: Morfologia (Bologna: EDB, 2 2002).
• Turner N., A Grammar of New Testament Greek J.H. Moulton. Volume III: Syntax (Edinburg: T&T Clark, 2003).
• Wallace D.B., Greek Grammar beyond the Basics. An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996).
• Young R.A., Intermediate New Testament Greek. A Linguistic and Exegetical Approach (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994).
• Zerwick M., Il greco del Nuovo Testamento (Subsidia Biblica 38; Roma: Gregorian&Biblical Press, 2010).

Identifiers

ISSN

2083-2222

EISSN

2451-2168