Śmiech – skąd pochodzi, czym jest i czemu służy?

• Authors: Neter Julia

Title variants

EN

Laughter – where it comes from, what it is and what it serves?

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Śmiech jako rodzaj ekspresji i komunikacji wyewoluował dużo wcześniej niż mowa, będąc sygnałem współpracy i współdziałania. Pod tym względem spełnia bardziej podstawową funkcję niż uśmiech. Głównym celem niniejszej pracy jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania: skąd śmiech pochodzi, czym jest i czemu służy oraz rozwiązania problematyki jego wielofunkcyjności. W ramach podjętej analizy została przeanalizowana współczesna literatura dotycząca tytułowej problematyki i kolejno nakreślona filologii ontogeneza śmiechu u zwierząt oraz ludzi jako zachowania wrodzonego. Następnie przedstawiono jego „produkcję” (także tego, który powstaje podczas łaskotek) oraz ekspresję i indukcję z wątkami patologicznymi. Ostatnia część artykułu traktuje o społecznych funkcjach śmiechu, zwłaszcza jego wpływie na dobrostan funkcjonalny. W zakończeniu opisano dalszy kierunek potrzebnych weryfikacji naukowych a także wyzwań, jakie stoją przed psychologią pozytywną.

EN

Laughter as a kind of expression and communication evolved much earlier than speech, being a signal of cooperation. In this respect, it has a more basic function than a smile. The main aim of this work is to answer the questions: where laughter comes from, what it is and what it serves, and to solve the problem of its multifunctionality. As part of the analysis, we investigated contemporary literature on the subject matter of the title and outlined in turn the phylogeny and ontogenesis of laughter in animals and humans as congenital behaviour. Then its „production” was presented (also the one that is created during tickling) and expression and induction with pathological motifs. The last part of the article deals with the social functions of laughter, especially its influence on functional well-being. The end of the article describes further direction of necessary scientific verifications as well as challenges faced by positive psychology.

Keywords

PL

śmiech; ekspresja śmiechu; emocje; dobrostan; psychologia pozytywna

EN

laughter; expression of laughter; emotions; well-being; positive psychology

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Opolski
• Journal: Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies
• Year: 2018
• Issue: 6
• Pages: 15-30

Contributors

author

Neter Julia

• SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny
• ORCID: 0000-0002-7010-184

References

• Bachorowski J. A., Owren M. J. (2003). Sounds of emotion: Production and perception of affect-related vocal acoustics. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000(1): 244–265.
• Bańko M. (2000). Inny słownik języka polskiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
• Baranowski M. (2017). Welfare sociology in our times. How social, political, and economic uncertainties shape contemporary societies. Przegląd Socjologiczny 66(4): 9–26.
• Bard K. A., Dunbar S., Maguire-Herring V., Veira Y., Hayes K. G., McDonald K. (2014). Gestures and social-emotional communicative development in chimpanzee infants. American Journal of Primatology 76(1): 14–29.
• Blakemore S. J., Smith J., Steel R., Johnstone E. C., Frith C. D. (2000). The perception of self-produced sensory stimuli in patients with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences: evidence for a breakdown in self-monitoring. Psychological Medicine 30(5): 1131–1139.
• Bonanno G. A., Colak D. M., Keltner D., Shiota M. N., Papa A., Noll J. G., Trickett P. K. (2007). Context matters: The benefits and costs of expressing positive emotion among survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Emotion 7(4): 824–837.
• Brod S., Rattazzi L., Piras G., D’Acquisto F. (2014). ‘As above, so below’ examining the interplay between emotion and the immune system. Immunology 143(3): 311–318.
• Burgdorf J., Knutson B., Panksepp J., Ikemoto S. (2001). Nucleus accumbens amphetamine microinjections unconditionally elicit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 115(4): 940–944.
• Coates J. (2007). Talk in a play frame: More on laughter and intimacy. Journal of Pragmatics 39(1): 29–49.
• Cordoni G., Palagi E. (2011). Ontogenetic trajectories of chimpanzee social play: similarities with humans. PLoS One 6(11): e27344.
• Darwin C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray.
• Darwin C. (1988). O wyrazie uczuć u człowieka i zwierząt. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
• Davila-Ross M., Allcock B., Thomas C., Bard K. A. (2011). Aping expressions? Chimpanzees produce distinct laugh types when responding to laughter of others. Emotion 11(5): 1013–1020.
• Delalande O., Fohlen M. (2003). Disconnecting surgical treatment of hypothalamic hamartoma in children and adults with refractory epilepsy and proposal of a new classification. Neurologia medico-chirurgica 43(2): 61–68.
• Falkenberg I., Buchkremer G., Bartels M., Wild B. (2011). Implementation of a manual--based training of humor abilities in patients with depression: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research 186(2–3): 454–457.
• Gogoleva S. S., Volodin I. A., Volodina E. V., Kharlamova A. V., Trut L. N. (2011). Explosive vocal activity for attracting human attention is related to domestication in silver fox. Behavioural Processes 86(2): 216–221.
• Hawk S. T., Van Kleef G. A., Fischer A. H., Van Der Schalk J. (2009). ‘Worth a thousand words’: Absolute and relative decoding of nonlinguistic affect vocalizations. Emotion 9(3), 293–305.
• Hirsch R. D., Junglas K., Konradt B., Jonitz M. F. (2010). Humortherapie bei alten Menschen mit einer Depression. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 43(1), 42–52.
• Hurley M. M., Dennett D. C., Adams R. B., Śmietana R. (2016). Filozofia dowcipu: humor jako siła napędowa umysłu. Kraków: Copernicus Center Press.
• Kashdan T. B., Yarbro J., McKnight P. E., Nezlek J. B. (2014). Laughter with someone else leads to future social rewards: Temporal change using experience sampling methodology. Personality and Individual Differences 58: 15–19.
• Kubica M. (2009). Próba systematyzacji i rozróżnienia pojęć śmiech i uśmiech, https:// depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/6865/kubica_smiech-usmiech_anthropos_ 2009.PDF?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [15.02.2018].
• Liangas G., Morton J. R., Henry R. L. (2003). Mirth-triggered asthma: Is laughter really the best medicine? Pediatric Pulmonology 36(2): 107–112.
• Makagon M. M., Funayama E. S., Owren M. J. (2008). An acoustic analysis of laughter produced by congenitally deaf and normally hearing college students. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124(1): 472–483.
• Martin R. A. (2001). Humor, laughter, and physical health: methodological issues and research findings. Psychological Bulletin 127(4): 504–519.
• McGhee P. E. (2010). Humor as survival training for a stressed-out world: The 7 Humor Habits Program. Bloomington: Author House.
• Mehu M., Dunbar R. I. (2008). Naturalistic observations of smiling and laughter in human group interactions. Behaviour 145(12): 1747–1780.
• Meyer M., Zysset S., Von Cramon D. Y., Alter K. (2005). Distinct fMRI responses to laughter, speech, and sounds along the human peri-sylvian cortex. Cognitive Brain Research 24(2): 291–306.
• Owren M. J., Bachorowski J. A. (2001). The evolution of emotional experience: A’selfish-gene’ account of smiling and laughter in early hominids and humans. Emotions: Current issues and future directions. New York: Guilford Press.
• Owren M. J., Amoss R. T. (2014). Spontaneous human laughter. [in:] Handbook of positive emotions. New York: Guilford Press, 159–178.
• Poyatos F. (1993). The many voices of laughter: A new audible-visual paralinguistic approach. Semiotica 93(1–2): 61–82.
• Pressman S. D., Cohen S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin 131(6): 925–971.
• Reissland N., Francis B., Mason J., Lincoln K. (2011). Do facial expressions develop before birth? PLoS One 6(8): e24081.
• Ross M. D., Owren M. J., Zimmermann E. (2009). Reconstructing the evolution of laughter in great apes and humans. Current Biology 19(13): 1106–1111.
• Rothbart M. K. (1973). Laughter in young children. Psychological Bulletin 80(3): 247–256.
• Ruch W., Ekman P. (2001). The expressive pattern of laughter. Tokyo: World Scientific Publisher.
• Ruch W., Hofmann J. (2017). Fostering humour. [in:] Proctor C. (ed.). Positive psychology interventions in practice. Cham: Springer, 65–80.
• Rygula R., Pluta H., Popik P. (2012). Laughing rats are optimistic. PLoS ONE 7(12): 519–559.
• Sander K., Scheich H. (2005). Left auditory cortex and amygdala, but right insula dominance for human laughing and crying. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17(10): 1519–1531.
• Sarra S., Otta E. (2001). Different types of smiles and laughter in preschool children. “Psychological Reports”, 89(3), 547–558.
• Sawahata Y., Komine K., Morita T., Hiruma N. (2013). Decoding humor experiences from brain activity of people viewing comedy movies. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81009.
• Simonyan K., Horwitz B. (2011). Laryngeal motor cortex and control of speech in humans. Neuroscientist 17: 197–208.
• Stillman T. F., Baumeister R. F., Nathan DeWall C. (2007). What’s so funny about not having money? The effects of power on laughter. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33(11): 1547–1558.
• Srofe L. A., Waters E. (1976). The ontogenesis of smiling and laughter: A perspective on the organization of development in infancy. Psychological Review 83(3): 173–189.
• Sugawara J., Tarumi T., Tanaka H. (2010). Effect of mirthful laughter on vascular function. The American Journal of Cardiology 106(6): 856–859.
• Szameitat D. P., Alter K., Szameitat A. J., Wildgruber D., Sterr A., Darwin C. J. (2009). Acoustic profiles of distinct emotional expressions in laughter. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126(1): 354–366.
• Szarota P. (2006). Psychologia uśmiechu – analiza kulturowa. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne GWP
• Tugade M. M., Shiota M. N., Kirby L. D. (2014). Handbook of positive emotions. Guilford Press.
• Trzebinéska E. (2008). Psychologia pozytywna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
• Van Hooff J. A. (1972). A comparative approach to the phylogeny of laughter and smiling. Oxford: Cambridge University Press.
• Vettin J., Todt D. (2004). Laughter in conversation: Features of occurrence and acoustic structure. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 28(2): 93–115.
• Wild B., Rodden F. A., Grodd W., Ruch W. (2003). Neural correlates of laughter and humour. Brain 126(10): 2121–2138.
• Wildgruber D., Szameitat D. P., Ethofer T., Brück C., Alter K., Grodd W., Kreifelts B. (2013). Different types of laughter modulate connectivity within distinct parts of the laughter perception network. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63441.
• Zweyer K., Velker B., Ruch W. (2004). Do cheerfulness, exhilaration, and humor production moderate pain tolerance? A FACS Study. Humor 17(1/2): 85–120.

Identifiers

ISSN

2450-9078