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2005/2006 | 2-3 | 133-215

Article title

DNA a pochodzenie życia. Informacja, specyfikacja i wyjaśnienie

Content

Title variants

EN
DNA and the Origin of Life: Information, Specification, and Explanation

Languages of publication

PL EN

Abstracts

PL
Niniejszy esej jest oceną rywalizujących wyjaśnień pochodzenia informacji koniecznej do zbudowania pierwszej komórki żywej. Dokonanie tej oceny wymagało będzie określenia, co biologowie rozumieją przez termin informacja w zastosowaniu do makrocząsteczek biologicznych. Jak wielu badaczy zauważyło, „informacja” może oznaczać kilka teoretycznie odmiennych pojęć. W niniejszym eseju postaram się usunąć tę wieloznaczność i dokładnie określę, jakiego rodzaju informacji badacze pochodzenia życia muszą wyjaśnić „powstanie”. Najpierw należy scharakteryzować informację zawartą w DNA, RNA i białkach jako eksplanandum (fakt wymagający wyjaśnienia), a następnie ocenić skuteczność rywalizujących klas wyjaśnień pochodzenia informacji biologicznej (czyli rywalizujących eksplanansów). W części I postaram się wykazać, że biologowie molekularni stosowali termin informacja konsekwentnie w odniesieniu do łącznych właściwości złożoności i funkcjonalnej specyficzności lub specyfikacji. W części II ocenię rywalizujące rodzaje wyjaśnień pochodzenia wyspecyfikowanej informacji biologicznej, koniecznej do wytworzenia pierwszego układu żywego. Część II obejmie także krytykę adekwatności przyczynowej teorii ewolucji chemicznej, opartych na „przypadku”, „konieczności” i na mieszance tych dwu. W konkludującej części III zawrę sugestię, że zjawisko informacji rozumianej jako wyspecyfikowana złożoność wymaga radykalnie odmiennego ujęcia eksplanacyjnego. Będę w szczególności argumentował, że nasza aktualna wiedza na temat sił przyczynowych nasuwa hipotezę inteligentnego projektu jako lepsze, bardziej adekwatne przyczynowo wyjaśnienie powstania wyspecyfikowanej złożoności (zdefiniowanej tak informacji), występującej w dużych molekułach biologicznych, takich jak DNA, RNA i białka.
EN
This essay will evaluate competing explanations for the origin of the information necessary to build the first living cell. To do so will require determining what biologists have meant by the term information as it has been applied to biomacromolecules. As many have noted, „information” can denote several theoretically distinct concepts. This essay will attempt to eliminate this ambiguity and to determine precisely what type of information origin-of-life researchers must explain „the origin of.” What follows will first seek to characterize the information in DNA, RNA, and proteins as an explanandum (a fact in need of explanation) and, second, to evaluate the efficacy of competing classes of explanation for the origin of biological information (that is, the competing explanans). Part I will seek to show that molecular biologists have used the term information consistently to refer to the joint properties of complexity and functional specificity or specification. Part II will evaluate competing types of explanation for the origin of the specified biological information necessary to produce the first living system. Part II will critique the causal adequacy of chemical evolutionary theories based on „chance,” „necessity,” and the combination of the two. A concluding part III will suggest that the phenomenon of information understood as specified complexity requires a radically different explanatory approach. In particular, I will argue that our present knowledge of causal powers suggests intelligent design as a better, more causally adequate explanation for the origin of the specified complexity (the information so defined) present in large biomolecules such as DNA RNA, and proteins.

Year

Volume

2-3

Pages

133-215

Physical description

Contributors

  • Center for Science and Culture

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