Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2019 | 3 | 61-88

Article title

MAROKO W UNII AFRYKAŃSKIEJ,CZ. III: W POSZUKIWANIU MIEJSCA

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
MAROCCO IN THE AFRICAN UNION, PART III: IN SEARCH OF A PLACE

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Sukces przyjęcia do Unii Afrykańskiej spowodował, iż Maroko zaczęło być jeszcze bardziej aktywne na arenie międzynarodowej i postanowiło otworzyć się szerzej na Czarną Afrykę, a nawet przystąpić do Wspólnoty Gospodarczej Krajów Afryki Zachodniej (ECO-WAS), co zaskoczyło i zaniepokoiło czołowych liderów tego ugrupowania, którzy jednak ociągają się z podjęciem ostatecznej decyzji. Oczekiwanie trwa do dnia dzisiejszego i jest swoistą porażką – jak na razie – marokańskiej dyplomacji. A poza tym wydaje się, że obec-nie polityka międzynarodowa sprzyja Maroku. Wszyscy wielcy tego świata – USA, Chiny, Rosja, UE – wolą utrzymanie status quo w regionie Maghrebu i nie rozważają możliwości jakiegoś nowego otwarcia. Treści tego artykułu przekonują również, iż w omawianym przy-padku geopolityka i regionalne bezpieczeństwo wykazują swoją wyższość nad prawem międzynarodowym. A ponadto udowadniają, że sprawa Sahary Zachodniej jest najważniejszą kwestią politycz-ną dla dzisiejszego Maroka.
EN
The success of admission to the African Union meant that Morocco began to be even more active on the international stage and decided to open more widely to Black Afri-ca, and even join the Economic Community of West African Countries (ECOWAS), which surprised and alarmed the leading leaders of this groupings who are however reluctant to make a final decision. The wait continues to this day and is a kind of failure – so far – of Moroccan diplomacy. And besides, it seems that international politics currently favors Mo-rocco. All the greats of this world – the USA, China, Russia, the EU – prefer to maintain the status quo in the Maghreb region and do not consider the possibility of any new opening. The content of this article also argues that in this case geopolitics and regional security show their superiority over international law. In addition, they prove that the issue of Western Sahara is the most important political issue for today's Morocco.

Contributors

author
  • Akademia Marynarki Wojennej w Gdyni

References

  • Assembly/AU/Dec.677(XXX), 30th Ordinary Session of the Assem-bly, 28-29 January 2018, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; https://au.int/sites/ default/files/decisions/33908assembly_decisions_665_-_689_e.pdf.
  • Abuja Declaration on Fertilizer for the African Green Revolution 2006: https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/african-fertilizer-financing-mechanism/abuja-declaration/
  • Assembly/AU/Dec.693(XXXI) 31st Ordinary Session, 1 -2 July 2018, Nouakchott, Mauritania; https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/ 34634-assembly_au_dec_690_-_712_xxxi_e.pdf.
  • AHG/Res. 453 –472 (XXVI) RESOLUTIONS OF THE TWENTY- SIXTH ORDINARY SESSION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINIS-TERS, 1 March 1976, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
  • Corruption Perceptions Index 2017; https://www.transparency.org/ news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017.
  • Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Revised Treaty, ECOWAS Commission, Abudja – Nigeria 1993; http://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Revised-treaty.pdf.
  • ECOWAS, Protocol A/P.1/5/79; Relating to Free Movement of Per-sons, Residence and Establishment; http://documentation.ecowas.int/ download/en/legal_documents/protocols/PROTOCOL%20RELATI NG%20TO%20%20FREE%20MOVEMENT%20OF%20PERSONS.pdf.
  • Etude d'Impact Sur Les Implications de l'Adhésion Du Maroc à La Cedeao, October 2017; https://pl.scribd.com/document/367443857/ Etude-d-Impact-Sur-Les-Implications-de-l-Adhesion-Du-Maroc-a-La-Cedeao#from_embed.
  • FIFTY-SECOND ORDINARY SESSION OF THE ECOWAS AU-THORITY OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT, 16 De-cember 2017, Abuja, Nigeria, para. 52-54; http://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Final-Communiqu%C3%A9-52nd-ECOW AS-Summit-Abuja-16-Dec-17-Eng.pdf.
  • King Mohammed VI delivered, on Monday, a speech to the Nation on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary of the Glorious Green March, Nov. 6, 2017, Morocco World News; https://www. moroccoworld-news.com/2017/11/233192/full-text-of-king-mohammed-vis-speech-on-the-42nd-anniversary-of-green-march/.
  • King Mohammed VI’s Speech on 43rd Anniversary of Green March, Nov 6, 2018, Morocco World News; https://www. moroccoworld-news.com/2018/11/257090/king-mohammed-vi-speech-43rd-anniv er sary-green-march/.
  • List of IMF ranked countries by GDP, 2017; https://en. wikipe-dia.org/wiki/List_of_IMF_ranked_countries_by_GDP.
  • The Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU), at its 668th meeting held on 20 March 2017, adopted the following decision on the situation in Western Sahara: http://www.peaceau. org/en/article/communique-of-the-668th-meeting-of-the-peace-and-security-council-of-the-african-union-au-on-the-situation-in-western-sahara.
  • Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (S/2018/277) [EN/AR], 29 Mar 2018, https://reliefweb. int/report/western-sahara/report-secretary-general-situation-concerning-western-sahara-s2018277-enar.
  • S/RES/2351 (2017); Resolution 2351 (2017), Adopted by the Security Council at its 7933rd meeting, on 28 April 2017:http://www. securi-tycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4 FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2351.pdf.
  • S/RES/2414 (2018), United Nations, Security Council, 27 April 2018; http://undocs.org/S/RES/2414(2018).
  • S/2018/889, Situation concerning Western Sahara, Report of the Sec-retary-General, United Nations, Security Council, 3 October 2018,
  • Ani Ch., Louw-Vaudran L., (2018), AU limits its role in Western Sa-hara crisis, A restricted role for the African Union could set a bad precedent for other conflict situations, 11 Sep. Pobrane z: https://issafrica.org/iss-today/au-limits-its-role-in-western-sahara-crisis.
  • Benin MPs back Moroccan bid to join ECOWAS, February 20, 2018. Pobrane z: http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/benin-parliament-supports-moroccos-accession-to-ecowas.
  • Bennis S., (2017), South Sudan and King Mohammed VI ‘s Strong Message to Algeria and South Africa, February 17. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/02/208336/south-sudan-and-king-mohammed-vi-s-strong-message-to-algeria-and-south-africa/
  • Bolton Is Unlikely to Change US Position on Western Sahara, 27 Sep-tember 2018. Pobrane z: https://saharaquestion.com/en/ opin-ions/17857.
  • Byiers B., Tasnim A., (2018) Morocco’s accession to ECOWAS: Building bridges or rocking the boat? 19 February. Pobrane z: http://ecdpm.org/talking-points/moroccos-accession-ecowas-building-bridges-rocking-boat/ .
  • Dieseldorff K., (2016), Morocco Becomes Largest Investor in Ivory Coast, January 9. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews. com/2016/01/177085/morocco-becomes-largest-investor-in-ivory-coast/.
  • Falana F., (2017), Illegal Request Of Morocco To Join The ECOWAS, 29 October. Pobrane z: http://saharareporters.com/2017/10/29/illegal-request-morocco-join-ecowas-femi-falana.
  • Ghana Reaffirms Support for Morocco’s ECOWAS Bid, Sahara Au-tonomy Plan, February 25, 2018. Pobrane z: https://www.morocco worldnews.com/2018/02/241377/ghana-reaffirms-support-moroccos-ecowas-bid-sahara-autonomy-plan/.
  • Green March Speech: Algeria’s unofficial position and the Polisario’s criticism, 11 Nov. 2018. Pobrane z: https://www.yabiladi.com/ .
  • Kasraoui S., (2018), Morocco’s Accession to ECOWAS will Build Soli-darity in Africa: ECOWAS Parliament, March 23. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/03/242991/moroccos-accession-ecowas-will-build-solidarity-africa-ecowas-parliament/.
  • Khaldi H. El, (2018), Diop Discusses Morocco’s ECOWAS Case, March 3. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 2018/03/241750/abdou-diop-discusses-moroccos-ecowas-case/.
  • King Mohammed VI Building Sound Partnership with South Sudan, February 2, 2017. Pobrane z: http://northafricapost.com/16262-king-mohammed-vi-building-sound-partnership-south-sudan.html.
  • King Mohammed VI Arrives in Abidjan for Working Visit to Côte d’Ivoire February 24, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.morocco world-news.com/2017/02/209387/king-mohammed-vi-arrives-abidjan-work ing-visit-cote-divoire/.
  • King Mohammed VI to Visit Five African Countries, February 10, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/ 02/207886/king-mohammed-vi-to-visit-five-african-countries/.
  • King of Morocco arrives in Zambia tomorrow: February 18, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/02/18/king-morocco-arrives-zambia-tomorrow/.
  • Kosidło A., (2012), Sahara Zachodnia. Fiasko dekolonizacji czy suk-ces podboju? 1975-2011, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
  • Koundouno T. F., (2018),Liberia Reaffirms Support for Morocco’s ECOWAS Bid, Jan 22. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews. com/2018/01/238909/habib-el-malki-ecowas-morocco-liberia-africa-agenda/.
  • Kwawukume V., (2017)Ghana, Morocco to deepen ties. Prez Akufo-Addo, Moroccan King pledge, 18 February; http://www. graph-ic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-morocco-to-deepen-ties-prez-akufo-addo-moroccan-king-pledge.html.
  • Lahsini Ch., (2017), Senegalese MP Fears Morocco’s Accession to ECOWAS Would Turn Senegal into ‘Moroccan Souk’, November 30. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/11/235233/ senegalese-mp-fears-moroccos-accession-ecowas-turn-senegal-moroc can-souk/.
  • Lakhal M., Morocco Fails in First AU Test on Western Sahara, 25 Marz 2017. Pobrane z: http://africaspeaks4africa.org/morocco-fails-first-au-test-western-sahara/;
  • Lamzouwaq S. E., (2017), African Union: First Face Off between Mo-rocco and Algeria-Backed Polisario, July 3. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/07/221893/african-union-first-face-off-between-morocco-and-algeria-backed-polisario/.
  • Louw-Vaudran L., (2018), The meaning of Morocco’s return to the African Union, North Africa Report 1, January. Pobrane z: https://www.africaportal.org/publications/meaning-moroccos-return-african-union/.
  • Masaiti A. El, (2017), King Mohammed VI the ‘Flag Bearer’ of Mod-erate Islam: Malian Tidjaniya Council, May 14. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/05/216552/king-mohammed-vi-the-flag-bearer-of-moderate-islam-malian-tidjaniya-council/.
  • Molewa E., (2017), Liberation deferred' for Western Sahara, 02 Feb. Pobrane z: https://mg.co.za/article/2017-02-02-00-liberation-deferred-for-western-sahara.
  • Morocco and Nigeria: unlikely bedfellows, September 2017. Pobrane z: https://gallery.mailchimp.com/99d9768d109e9bef2e26489f2/files/ 7beb5332-6204-408b-afb2-2f283eca4a55/africapractice_Morocco_ and_Nigeria_unlikely_bedfellows_September_2017.pdf .
  • Morocco doesn’t want the AU and EU to be part of the discussions, 7 Marz 2018. Pobrane z: https://sahara-question.com/en/news/morocco-doesn%E2%80%99t-want-au-and-eu-be-part-discsions?utm_source= SaharaQuestion+List&utm_campaign=6668d81f04RSS_EMAIL_CA MPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_9778738cd5-6668d81 f04-557670469&ct=t(RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN)&mc_cid =6668 d81f04&mc_eid=ceff9a90cf.
  • Morocco, on a Charm Offensive to Join ECOWAS, March 26, 2017; Pobrane z: http://northafricapost.com/17057-morocco-charm-offen sive-join-ecowas.html .
  • Morocco’s King Mohammed VI postpones Mali visit, 2017-02-23. Po-brane z: https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d55544d30596a4d/ sha-re_p.html?t=1487813895378.
  • Morocco voted onto African Union Peace and Security Council, Janu-ary 27, 2018. Pobrane z: https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/ 20180127-morocco-voted-onto-african-union-peace-and-security-co uncil/.
  • Morocco’s Membership in Peace and Security Council boots Peace, Stability in Africa, April 11, 2018. Pobrane z: http://northafricapost.com/23101-moroccos-membership-peace-security-council-boosts-peace-stability-africa.html.
  • Morocco tones down Arab ties in favour of pan-Africanism, 25 Febru-ary, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/ 2017/2/25/morocco-tones-down-arab-ties-in-favour-of-pan-africanism.
  • Morocco’s Trade with 15 ECOWAS nations hit $1bn, 15th May 2018. Pobrane z: http://ghananewsonline.com.gh/moroccos-trade-with-15-ecowas-nations-hit-1bn/.
  • Nigeria-Morocco: Gazoduc Project on the Right Path, May 15, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/05/216645/ ni-geria-morocco-gazoduc-project-on-the-right-path/.
  • Nigeria, Morocco sign gas pipeline, fertilizer deals, May 18, 2017. Po-brane z: http://www.premiumtimesng.com/foreign/africa/231533-nigeria-morocco-sign-gas-pipeline-fertilizer-deals.html.
  • Odinkalu Ch. A., Understanding Morocco’s application to join ECO-WAS, 15 November 2017. Pobrane z: https://guardian.ng/ opin-ion/understanding-moroccos-application-to-join-ecowas/ .
  • Okoronkwo K., (2017), West Africa: As Nigerians Unite Against Mo-rocco in Ecowas, “The Guardian” (Lagos) 15 November. Pobrane z: http://allafrica.com/stories/201711150053.html.
  • Possible solution to Western Sahara conflict, Dec. 07, 2018. Pobrane z: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2018/Dec-07/47 1147-possible-solution-to-western-sahara conflict.ashx?utm_source =Magnet&utm_medium=Recommended%20Articles%20widget&utm_campaign=Magnet%20tools.
  • PSC scaling up efforts to resolve the crisis in Western Sahara, 10 April 2015. Pobrane z: https://issafrica.org/pscreport/addis-insights/psc-scaling-up-efforts-to-resolve-the-crisis-in-western-sahara.
  • President Ouattara Reiterates Côte d'Ivoire's Support for Morocco's Accession to ECOWAS, Monday 4 June 2018. Pobrane z: http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/president-ouattara-reiterates-cote-div oires-support-moroccos-accession-ecowas.
  • Russia has good relations with parties related to the Sahara conflict, says its ambassador, 12 Dec. 2018.Pobrane z: https://sahara-question.com/en/news/18237.
  • A shaky start for Morocco in the AU, 3 April 2017. Pobrane z: https://issafrica.org/pscreport/on-the-agenda/a-shaky-start-for-morocco-in-the-au.
  • Touré O., (2017),The Accession of the Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community of West African States – ECOWAS; http://wai-iao.ecowas.int/index.php/en/news-2017/281-the-accession-of-the-kin gdom-of-morocco-to-the-economic-community-of-west-african-states.
  • Visits of King Mohammed VI Bring Benefits to Guinea: Alpha Condé, February 24, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 2017/02/209330/visits-king-mohammed-vi-bring-benefits-guinea-alp ha-conde/
  • Woldemariam Y., (2017), Africa: Behind Morocco's New Tango With the African Union, 13 January. Pobrane z: http://allafrica. com/stories/201701140241.html.
  • Zambia happy that Morocco is back to its African family-President Lungu; February 21, 2017. Pobrane z: https://www. lusa-katimes.com/2017/02/21/zambia-happy-morocco-back-african-family-pre sident-lungu/.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-b8545e7c-cfe9-4974-b3dd-c94a1b9f3bb4
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.