Dożywotnie przywództwo polityczne a konflikty w Afryce

• Authors: Degefe Gemechu

Title variants

EN

Lifelong political leadership and conflict in Africa

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Political leadership during the period of freedom movement in Africa had a dominant role. They coordinated and led the independence struggle against colonialism. The case of independence became the common goal of all Africans. Political leaders had full sup port of their people, among well known charismatic leaders Kwame Nkrumah can be mentioned. After the gradual success of common vision, which was independence, the view of previous freedom leaders was diversified on the process of continent's unity; they were divided into three different groups. The Casablanca group favoured a strong political union of independent Africa; the Monrovia group supported functional non-political cooperation and the Brazzaville group which stood for a gradual concept of African Unity starting with regional cooperation. Eventually all the leaders of three groups agreed to form the Organization of African Unity. Most of the freedom leaders started to build their power, based on a single party system, planning to stay in power for lifelong. These leaders became dictators and corrupted. Transfer of state power was based on violence. Some are still in office from the period of independence. Others died naturally exercising power while most of them were overthrown by military coupe or forced to leave office. They failed in terms of nation building. Conflict over power sharing started at the early stage of independence and still continues. The legacy of wrong exercise of power had resulted in ethnic conflict, political, economic and social crisis in Africa.

Keywords

EN

Africa; political leadership; conflict

• Publisher: Instytut Nauk Politycznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
• Journal: Forum Politologiczne
• Year: 2008
• Volume: 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce
• Pages: 71-86

Contributors

author

Degefe Gemechu

• Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

References

• 1960: Violence Follows Army Coup in Congo, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthiday/ hi/dates/stories/September/14/newsid_4578000/457725.htm.
• Adi H., Sherwood M., Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and Diaspora since 1787, New York 2003.
• Brazzaville Group, http://encyklopedia.interia.pl/haslo?hid=121365 (15.11.2007).
• Contech-Morgan E., Democratization in Africa: The Theory and Dynamic of Political Transitions, Westport 1997.
• Encyclopedia of the Developing World, ed. by T. M. Leonard,, New York 2006.
• First African Rulers, http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/0africa.htm.
• International Security Management and the United Nations, ed. by M. Alagappa, T. Inoguchi Tokyo - New York 1999.
• Kolie J. F., Why Most African Leaders like Taylor Failed, http://www.theper- spective.org/2004/janwhytailorfailed.htm.
• Lake A., Tod C., More than Humanitarianism: A Strategic U.S. Approach toward Africa, New York 2006.
• Lome History, http://www.africatravelling.net/togo/lome/lome_history.html.
• Mazuri A., Pan-Africanism, Democracy and Leadership in Africa: The Continuing Legacy for the New Millennium, http://igcs.binghamton.edu/igcs_site/dirton6.html.
• Military Coupe in Africa, http//www.global security.org/military/library/report/1985.
• Osmańczyk E. J., Mango A., Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, New York 2003.
• President Ninamidi Azikwe, http://www.gaboniworld.com/wiki-Nnamdi_Azikiwe.
• Regional International and Cooperation West Africa: A Multidimensional Perspective, ed. by R. Lavergene, Ottawa 1997.
• Smertin Y., Kwame Nkrumah, New York 1987.
• Wiredu K., Abraham W. E., Menkiti I., A Companion to African Philosophy, Oxford 2004.
• Zack-Williams A. B., Africa Beyond the Post-Colonial: Political and Socio- Cultural Identities, Aldershot 2004.