IX. 16/2024

• Journal: Aplikovaná psychologie/Applied Psychology
• Publisher: College of Applied Psychology

Notes

František Heiser Unmissable figures of Russian history and their historical-artistic-psychological presentation in the life of Jemeljan Pugachev Neprehliadnuteľné postavy ruských dejín a ich historicko- umelecká-psychologická prezentácia v živote Jemeľjana Pugačova page 1413-1424 Abstract The paper will be located primarily in the 18th century when the course of Russian history was influenced primarily by such personalities as Catherine II. the Great, originally German, who became Empress of Russia after staging a palace coup in 1762, when Peter III, the son of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp – Charles Frederick and Anna Petrovna, the wife of the heir to the throne, was removed from the Russian throne. Until his conversion to Eastern Orthodoxy, he used the name Charles Peter Ulrich. He was effectively in power for only 186 days /1761-1762/. He was the grandson of the first Russian Emperor Peter I and the husband of Catherine II. The Great. By 1761, Russia had been ruled for a full 20 years by Elizabeth Petrovna /1741-1761/. From the military-power point of view, the Russo-Swedish War /1743/ was ended in that period, a peace treaty was signed with Prussia /1762/, two Russo-Turkish wars were fought /1768-1774/, 1787-1791 – 6 in total in the history of Russia/, followed by two partitions of Poland /4 in total/, the Great Cossack-Peasant Revolt and the Yemelyan Pugachev's War /1773-1775/, connected with the Orenburg region, Volga region and the Urals, began. In terms of cultural events of the time, the foundation of Moscow University in 1755 was very significant. In 1756, the first Russian theatre began its activity in St. Petersburg, and in 1757 the Imperial Academy of Arts was founded there. It should be remembered that St. Petersburg was the centre of Tsarist Russia for 206 years /1712-1918/. Historic Moscow was the capital of Tsarist Russia for 323 years /1389-1712/. All these historical events had a direct influence on the emergence and development of various genres of artistic creation. In this scientific study, we will be primarily concerned with the reflection of the unprecedented historical and social movements of the second half of the 18th century in artistic literature, painting, music and film. Keywords: Russian Empire, Catherine II, Yemelyan Pugachev, absolutist monarchy, peasant revolts and wars, historical events and art – literature, painting, music, songs, films.

Tomáš Zdechovský & Jitka Fialová: Aktuální pohled na „nejlepší zájem dítěte“ A Current View of the "Best Interests of the Child" page 1359-1367 Abstract When a child is the subject of official proceedings for any reason, the ‘best interests of the child’ principle should always be used as stated in Article 3 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, perception of this principle evolves over time, space and varies even in the specific cases of children. This literature review, therefore, explains why this is the case and provides insight into current case law, i.e. decisions of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. At the same time, it offers information on how the topic is currently viewed in other European institutions such as the European Parliament and the Council of Europe. This is a text on the psychological-legal borderline because the search for the best interests of the child is an example where knowledge from psychology and law, as well as other related disciplines, is applied in practice. Keywords: best interests of the child, Parental Alienation Syndrome, rights of a child, European legislation.

Adam Pekarčík & Miroslava Köverová: Vzdelávacie ciele ako prediktory osobnej pohody u mladých dospelých Educational Goals as Predictors of Personal Well-Being in Young Adults page 1368-1385 Abstract Motivated by the ambiguity of the meaning of educational goals, the research examines how educational goals are linked to young adults' personal well-being. The primary aim of the research was to analyze the predictive power of characteristics of educational goals, such as self-efficacy and motivation, on young adults' personal well-being. The first part of the study provides a theoretical framework and context for understanding the importance of young adults' educational goals. The second section describes the methodology, including sample selection and measurement instruments. The results section presents the results of a hierarchical regression analysis that confirms the association between educational goals and personal well-being. The results suggest the ability of goal self-awareness to predict young adults' personal well-being. The conclusion discusses the significance of the findings in the context of contemporary society and existing theoretical frameworks. Keywords: educational goals, young adult, personal well-being, self-efficacy.

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