Rewaloryzacja zespołu staromiejskiego w Płocku

• Authors: Sawicki Olgierd , Szczerba Waldemar

Title variants

EN

REHABILITATION OF THE COMPLEX OF THE OLD TOWN IN PŁOCK

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Płock, a tow n in c e n tr a l Poland, whose n um b e r of in h a b ita n ts re a c h e s 200 th o u s an d , is s itu a te d on th e high b a n k (30 m in he ig h t) of th e V istu la riv e r. This r e su lts in a n ex c ep tio n a l ex p o sitio n of th e complex of th e Old Town. While I am sp e ak in g a b o u t its h is to rical a n d c u ltu ra l v a lu e s it m u s t be sa id th a t it should be p la c ed ju s t rig h t on th e second pla c e — w ith h is to ric a l u rb a n complex of Old Cracow opening th e list. Beginnings of s e ttlem e n t in Płock a re d a ted in 11th an d 12th c en tu rie s in th e p re lo c a tio n period. U n til 1495 it w as c a p ita l of th e p rin c e s of Mazovia an d Płock. Most p ro b ab ly a t th e end of th e 13th c e n tu ry th e dw e llin g complex w as to ta lly d e stro y ed — a new town, lo c a ted by th e p rin c e w as la id down following th e r e g u la r p a tte rn , c h a ra c te ris tic for th e m ed iev a l tow n s in c e n tr a l Poland. U rb a n g row th was co n tin u ed till th e 19th c en tu ry . U n fo rtu n a te ly we do n o t have an y o u ts tan d in g a rc h ite c tu r a l o bjects from th e 20th c en tu ry . T h a t p e rio d has re su lte d in g rad u a l d e g rad a tio n of build in g s a n d comm u n a l in sta la tio n s. Reasons fo r such s ta te of m a tte r may be sou g h t in th e two w o rld w a rs as w e ll as in th e d y n amic d ev e lo pm en t of th e reg io n a s a whole, w ith exclusion of th e Old Town. An a rtific ia l lak e was b u ilt up (40 km lo n g an d 1 km wide) — since th e n th e Old Town is s itu a te d on its bank. At th e n o rth e rn su b u rb s of th e tow n h a s b een s itu a te d a huge p e tro ch em ic a l re fin e ry . These a c tio n s in flu en c ed d ire c tly th e scheme of th e u rb a n p la n n in g a n d th e tow n ’s range. On th e la k e ’s b an k a sh ip y a rd was e stab lish ed . In connection w ith th e re fin e ry it caused u n p la n n e d g row th of th e u rb a n org an ism an d fu r th e r d e g ra d a tio n of e n v ironm en t. The come in to b an k of th e a rtific ia l la k e en rich ed th e silh o u tte of th e h is to ric a l complex, b u t a t th e same tim e it caused a v e ry d an g e ro u s process of th e u n d e rm in in g of th e high bank. T h a t is w h y ex isten c e of th e Old Town complex is v e ry d o u b tfu l, as c ra ck in g of walls etc. is observed. In th e la s t y e a rs th e g o v e rnm en t h ad a ssigned some funds, w hich w e re used fo r p rev en tio n of th e cre ep in g of th e high riv e r bank. It is v e ry im p o rta n t, because th e re a re s itu a te d m ed iev a l churches, old g ra n a r ie s an d to w n smen houses from th e 18th c e n tu ry still in th e old u rb a n scheme. In 1981 d an g e ro u s flood occured — it ad v an c ed decisions concerning re h a b ilita tio n of th e Old Town. Th e m ed iev a l city has b een div id ed in to 8 zones (u rb an q u a rte rs ) — th e ir h is to ric a l v a lu e a n d scope of co n se rv a to ry p ro b lems a re v e ry d iffe ren t. F o r th a t city as a w hole m a s te r p lan s h av e b een p re p a re d w ith consid e ra tio n of re su lts of h is to ric a l a n d a rc h ite c tu ra l re s e a rc h a n d of te ch n ic a l s ta te of e a ch building. Besides, a ll th e n e c e ssa ry an a ly tic a l stu d ie s fo r th a t city complex w e re mad e — s ta rtin g w ith connections of Plock w ith a su rro u n d in g c o u n try region, its lan d sc ap e an d n a tu r e v a lu es — fin ish in g w ith its c u ltu ra l an d h isto ric a l h e rita ge. All th o se stu d ie s re s u lt in a sy n th e tic fin a l w o rk — a m a s te r p lan , w h ich has to be ap p ro v ed by city a u th o ritie s. I t is d e ta iled to such an e x te n t th a t it fo r m u la te s a fu n c tio n a l p ro g ram fo r each building. D e te rm in a tio n s fo rm u la te d by th e m a s te r p la n h ave to be fo llowed by designers of in d iv id u a l buildings. At th e same time w h en th e m a s te r p la n was completed, su p p lem en t p lan s fo r communal in s ta lla tio n s a n d comunications for th e Old Town w e re p rep a red . 'F ir s t of a ll th e q u a rte r No 1. is going to be r e h a b ilita ted . Its u rb a n scheme comes from th e 14th c en tu ry I t was situ a ted along th e ro adw ay lead in g tow a rd s th e ca stle an d canonic al complex. The fu n c tio n of th e ro adw ay w as commercial. As y e a rs pa ssed by, th e c h a ra c te r of th e buildings was changing. The ones w hich can be seen now along Grodzka s tre e t (former ro adway ) h av e been e re c ted in th e 18th a n d 19th centuries. This row of houses was in ten siv e ly completed, while a u x ilia ry build in g s along Małachowski s tre e t n e v e r stood in a row. The q u a rte r No 1. is situ a ted b e tw e en two m a rk e t p la ces. The Town Hall an d th e collegiate ch u rch of St. Michael a re e re c ted on one of th em an d th e c a th e d ra l complex, th e Bishops P a la c e a n d th e co u rt — on a n o th e r. All th e se buildings a re s itu a te d along th e edge of th e h igh b an k of th e V istu la riv e r. Such exposition adds to a r a n k of q u a rte r No 1. an d re su lts in c e rta in designing limits. One of th em is a re p re s e n ta tiv e an d commercial fu n c tio n w h ich it has to fu lfill besides a r e sid en tia l function. To ta l a re a of q u a rte r No 1. is 1,14 ha, w h ile th e ra tio of b u ilt- u p a re a s to th e to ta l a re a re a ch e s 40%. Aims of design: The designers have come to conclusion th a t th ey should stre ss th e co n tin u ity of h is to ric a l d evelopment of q u a r te r -N o 1. a n d p ro te c t ex is tin g e lem en ts of cu ltu ra l heritag e an d c h a ra c te r of a rc h ite c tu re . T h a t aim m ay be o b ta in ed by means of th e following actions: 1. R e sto ra tio n of sa tisfy in g te ch n ic a l conditions of b u ildings w hich has to be sim u ltan eo u s w ith th e p ro cess of liftin g th em u p to co n tem p o ra ry liv in g stan d a rd s. 2. Re sh ap in g of u rb a n complex b e a rin g in mind th e idea of designing it in a w ay e n su rin g en v iro nm en ta l v alues, w hich have to be in accordance w ith our a rc h ite c tu ra l n o rm ativ es. 3. A d ap ta tio n of such functions, w hich would allow p r e se rv a tio n of v a lu ab le a rc h ite c tu ra l forms. 4. E q u ipm en t of re s id e n tia l u n its w ith accompanying e le ments of th e so-called small a rc h ite c tu re . 5. P ro te c tio n from tire in g communication problems. Method of wo rk : In o rd e r to o b ta in th e b e st re su lts th e method of d e signing ap ro a ch e s was adopted. Of course c e rta in c h a n ges h av e to be in tro d u c ed d u rin g th e designing process. Such elem en ts as p ro g ram m e an d fu n c tio n a re ch an g in g as n ew in fo rm a tio n co n cern in g h isto ric a l an d a rch eo lo gical re s e a rc h is obtained. Area of q u a rte r No 1. has been th e su b je c t to th e fo llowing p lan s an d designs. 1. S tu d y of ex is tin g s ta te of th e medieval city an d th e complex from th e classicism period. 2. P re am b le design (functiona l an d a rc h ite c tu ra l) showing th e proposed in co rp o ra tio n period in to th e u rb a n s tru c tu re of co n tem p o ra ry town. 3. C o n se rv a to ry reconnaissance. 4. C o n se rv a to ry assumptions. 5. Assumptions p rep a re d by th e local communal a u th o r ity (concerning th e q u a rte r as a whole). 6. P re am b le u rb a n an d a rc h ite c tu ra l designs for th e a re a of q u a rte r No 1. H e re h av e to be m en tio n ed th e a u x ilia ry designs: comm u n a l in s ta lla tio n s , cost c a lcu la tio n s, technological d e te r m in a tio n etc. 7. T e chno-economical p re su p p o sitio n s in a fo rm of a complex design. B u t on th e o th e r h a n d th e d e sig n e rs su ffe r a few s e tbacks too. One of th em is th e u n a b ility of p re s e rv a tio n of 100% of e x is tin g b u ild in g su b stan ce. A lth o u g h th e r e a re c e rta in te c h n ic a l solutions by m e an s of w h ich it is possible to m an ag e each of ex is tin g b u ildings a n d to b rin g it u p to th e s ta te of sp len d o u r — t i m e to tim e economical re a litie s fo rc e us to ta k e u p decisions to d emo lish some objects. Economical c a lc u la tions in such cases a re simple: to ta l cost is too h ig h a n d re a lis a tio n of d esign too m u c h w o rk -co n sum in g in comp a riso n w ith th e h y p o th e tic a l h is to ric a l an d a rc h ite c tu ra l value. G en e ra l p rin c ip le s: Th e d esig n e rs h av e followed c e rta in prin cip les, listed below: 1. sp a tia l fo rm of th e q u a r te r is of essential, su p e rio r value, 2. h e ig h t of th e n ew ly d esigned bu ild in g s c an n o t be b ig ger th a n th e h e ig h t of th e ex is tin g ones, 3. n ew ly e re c te d o bjects c an n o t d e te rio ra te in so la tio n conditions, 4. in te rio r of th e q u a rte r sh o u ld follow th e tra d itio n of p riv a te c o u rty a rd s — i.e. g en e ra l c h a ra c te r of p riv a te space w ith p a r tia l p e n e tr a tio n by p a sse rb y s should r e main. Newly e re c te d buildings. I t is u n d e rs to o d th a t desig n in g of m o d e rn b u ildings in h is to ric a l c o n tex t is d ifficu lt an d can be b ro u g h t u p fo r discussion. F in a l success depends upon in d iv id u a l c a p a b ility of th e designer. We h av e chosen sev e ra l m a in ob je c tiv e s fo r new buildings designed by us in q u a rte r No 1. in Płock: 1. each h is to ric a l p e rio d should be visible in tow n ’s a rc h ite c tu re , 2. th e r e is no re a so n fo r w h ich m o d e rn bu ild in g s should n o t be s itu a te d in im med ia te n e ig h b o u rh o od w ith old buildings, 3. co n tem p o ra ry a rc h ite c tu re in h is to ric a l co n tex t should follow a few ru le s: — b rav e , fu n c tio n a l solutions sh o u ld be chosen, — it sh o u ld c o n tra s t b oth in fo rm a n d d e ta il w ith old buildings, — it sh o u ld n o t d om in a te in a sp a tia l sense, it should .en su re c o n tin u ity of sp a tia l development, — it should n o t m ak e impossible fu r th e r sp a tia l develo pm en t of th e q u a rte r. The conclusion w h e th e r th e designers h av e fu lfille d th e ir aims w ould belong to in h a b ita n ts of th e Old Town. Comp a ra tiv e data fo r th e qu a rter No 1. in Plock P re s e n t d a ta Design Are a of th e q u a rte r 1,14 ha 1,14 h a Resources of th e q u a rte r U tilita ria n a re a 6166 m‘ 11 566 m* In d ic a to r of in te n s iv ity of u rb an iz a tio n , i.e. 0,84 1Д to ta l a re a of b u ild in g s /a re a of th e q u a r te r N umb e r of in h a b ita n ts 268 290 N um b e r of re s id e n tia l fla ts in th e q u a r te r 106 84 A verage size of a fla t 44,3 m 2 65,7 m 2 Av e rag e n um b e r of sq u a re a re a p e r one in h a b ita n t 13,6 m 2 19,1 m 2 To ta l a re a of workshops, commercial an d c u ltu ra l objects, etc... 3000 m 2 5370 m 2 1. Th e c ap ita l e x p e n d itu re is covered by th e City A u th o ritv of Płock. 2. The scope of design: 120 h ecta res. 3. The designing w o rk on th is su b je c t has began in 1978 an d still cotinued.

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1984
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 143-154

Dates

published

1984

Contributors

author

Sawicki Olgierd

• mgr inż. arch., PP PKZ — Oddział w Warszawie

author

Szczerba Waldemar

• mgr inż. arch., PP PKZ — Oddział w Warszawie

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247