Kazimierz Dolny - uwagi o dziejach rozwoju przestrzennego, problemy ochrony krajobrazu kulturowego : część II

• Authors: Żurawski Jerzy

Title variants

EN

KAZIMIERZ DOLNY — NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF LAND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

P a rt II P a rt I of the present article published in ’’Ochrona Zabytków” no 1/1978 ended with a discussion of the period of the reconstruction of Kazimierz Dolny soon after World War II. P a rt II is devoted mainly to a land planning in Kazimierz afte r 1951 when Karol Siciński’s plan, worked out still in 1946—47, was approved officially. In the nearly th irty years th a t followed several versions of general and detailed plans of the town were drawn. A review of the plans displays changing views on the fu tu re shape of the town, its function, number of inhabitants and a very differentiated approach to the problem. A p a rticu la r attention paid by town-planners to this little town has always been based on the concern to preserve its unique historic and n a tu ra l values. However, during works on individual stages of the studies, specialists in modern programming, town-planning, sta n dardization and transport solutions have, as a rule, succeeded in forcing th e ir proposals. The state services of monuments protection participated in the planning of Kazimierz only to a small extent; the ir suggestions were either too general or not taken into account at all. In 1966 a general and detailed plan of Kazimierz was thrown open to competition. From the point of view of monuments protection it was not prepared well and did not come to expectations with regard to an optimum solution. On the basis of the results of the competition in 1967— 1970 general and detailed plans of the town were p repared and approved. Also this time conservation guidelines worked out by the Ministry of Culture and Arts were not formulated precisely and the participation of a voivodship conservator was limited to formal actions. As a result th e re appeared a plan with town-planning solutions, transport and servicing in particular, th a t endangered the scale and nature of the town. It envisaged a number of public investments, the harmful of which were: a modern throughfare between the Vistual and the centre of the town, construction of a new road inside the town, parallel to historic Senatorska and Nadrzeczna streets, a roundabout-type and a two-level cross- road in front of the Reformers cloister as well as large service and trad e projects in the place traditionally used for the building of detached houses in gardens, and finally the building of a large rest house on a picturesque hill. Despite that the plans were approved. Then, in 1971— 1972 the local population and manily associations of artists and publicists of the most highly esteemed cultural papers, rose some doubts about them. As a result of this criticism the Ministry of Culture and Arts entrusted in 1972 the Museum at Kazimierz Dolny with a task of conservation protection. This created conditions conducive to the formulation of new criterions of the protection of a historic urban, architectural and natural complex. They consisted in proving that all values of Kazimierz, including those of secondary importance such as old building lines, a scale of the building-up in individual streets, modest small-town houses, paved roads and squares, use of traditional materials, et.c., should be considered and covered by plans. Attention was drawn to the necessity to officially include in protection plans natural surroundings as an integral component of town’s cultural values. This conservation programme was approved by the authorities who decided of the need to bring a general and detailed plan of Kazimierz up-to-date on the basis of new more thorough and comprehensive studies. The Consultants Team was established; it gave opinions on subsequent stages of preparations. The Museum at Kazimierz Dolny brought to life an architectural group whose tasks were to make urban and architectural studies as conservation guidelines for individual elements of the town. A new general plan was drawn by the Voivodship Town-Planning Workshop in Lublin, headed by architect U. Frąk. A detailed plan was prepared by the Monuments Conservation Workshop in Lublin, under the direction of architect J. Jamiołkowska. The two plans were prepared at the same time, with a detailed one being in the foreground. The plans were approved in 1975. They paid a full respect to conservation guidelines expressed in 1972 and at the same time they determined the town’s function as a tourist centre and local administration, solved in-town communication within the existing network of streets with the principle of the access by perpends from the circuit passing by Kazimierz in through traffic. The plan paid also attention to a modern infrastructure in the town, a general character and scale of which remained unchanged. The maximum number of inhabitants within the boundaries of the historic town was agreed to be 3,000 people, just as it was in the period of the town’s flourishing at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1979 on the basis of the said plans a renewal programme was worked out for the town centre, divided into several stages of its execution. From 1973 the works have been carried out on the protection, conservation and reconstruction of the most valuable monuments of architecture, to mention only granaries from the 17th century, the Celejówka stone-house, ruins of the castle. Basing on the plans, private detached houses are being built in the town, the character of which has been adapted to a historie complex of tenement houses and other buildings. Necessary municipal investments have been undertaken and are continued. Works have been initiated on the designing and execution of the most indispensable buildings for public use. A translocation of historic wooden buildings to Kazimierz and Męćmierz, a neighbouring small village, has been applied as well. The aim of this undertaking is to rescue the monuments that cannot be preserved in situ and to enlarge the number of wooden buildings in the town, according to its old historic nature.

Keywords

PL

Kazimierz Dolny; dzieje rozwoju przestrzennego Kazimierza Dolnego; ochrona krajobrazu kulturowego Kazimierza Dolnego; Karol Siciński; Plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego Kazimierza Dolnego; postulaty konserwatorskie dotyczące zagospodarowania zabytkowego zespołu miejsko-krajobrazowego; program konserwatorski dla Kazimierza Dolnego; przenoszenie do Kazimierza zabytków drewnianego budownictwa ludowego; Kazimierski Park Krajobrazowy; Mięćmierz koło Kazimierza Dolnego

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1982
• Issue: 1-2
• Pages: 3-27

Dates

published

1982

Contributors

author

Żurawski Jerzy

• mgr, Muzeum Kazimierza Dolnego

References

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• W. W o j c i k o w s k i , Memoriał w sprawie Kazimierza, „Kurier Lubelski”, n r 92, 1971
• Por. M. K u r z ą t k o w s k i , Casus Muzeum Kazimierza Dolnego, „Ochrona Zabytkow”, nr 1, 1978.
• M. P o d r a ż a , Problem ochrony miejskich zespołow zabytkowych na przykładzie Kazimierza Dolnego — narada Woj. Konserwatorow Zabytkow, „Ochrona Zabytkow”, n r 3, 1972.
• A. M a ł a c h o w s k i , Pamiętnik wspołczesny. Wieżowce w skansenie. „Kultura”, n r 25, 1972
• A. J e l e ń s k i, Obrady ekspertow w Kazimierzu Dolnym n. Wisłą, 12—14 listopada 1972 r., „Ochrona Zabytkow”, n r 1, 1973, s. 74—75;
• Plany zagospodarowania przestrzennego Kazimierza Dolnego, „Komunikat SARP”, 1, 1973, s. 9—11;
• tamże: J. Ż u r a w s k i , Problem zachowania zabytkowego charakteru Kazimierza Dolnego w świetle aktualnych planow urbanistycznych, s. 11—20.
• M. K u r z ą t k o w s k i , Mgr inż. Ryszard Wojcik (1934—1977), „Ochrona Zabytkow”, nr 1, 1978, s. 76