Drewniane drzwi zabytkowe na terenie Polski : systematyka i problematyka konserwatorska

• Authors: Tajchman Jan

Title variants

EN

OLD WOODEN DOORS IN POLAND (SYSTEMATICS AND CONSERVATION PROBLEMS)

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Among the numerous architectonic details which appeared in the course of centuries in Poland, carpentry offers the greatest number of various solutions. This divergence is true of fundamental elements (Table I — Doors and Gates), division according to the number of wings (Table II) as well as construction solutions (Table III). A true richness of forms, however, is to be found in the artistic decorations, their different systems and stylistic transformations (Table IV). Many of them could be compared to solutions applied in cabinet making (doors of wardrobes). We can distinguish three basic construction types in old door carpentry (Table III): 1. pivot doors, 2. plank doors, and 3. frame-panel doors. The plastic solutions depended on the classification of the doors, but above all on the various decorations on the outer side. These ornaments were characteristic either for a single type of construction or for two simultaneously. Moreover, in many instances one wing of the door revealed the simultaneous use of several types of embellishments. Decorations which occur on the door wings regardless of their stylistic and thus chronological character, can be presented in systems connected with the given type of construction: A. decorations on a plank construction (Table IV) — 1. metal, 2. wooden trellises, 3. pseudo-panel and-panel decorations, 4. planks, and 5. cut pseudo-panels; B. decorations on the plank and frame-panel construction — 1. elements of architectonic forms, 2. carvings; C. decorations on frame-panel constructions: 1. division into panels, 2. decorations along the edges of frames and on the surface of the panels, 3. covered meeting points of frames and panels. 4. ready-made elements. 5. in-laid ornaments, 6. filled clearances of panels. The conservation of door carpentry includes the following problems: 1. the retention of historical doors, 2. photographic, measurement and drawn documentation on a 1:10 scale — photogrammes and drawings of doors are made for both sides, while cross-sections on a 1:1 scale should show not only the profiles but also the construction 3. historical analysis which demonstrates the colour and layers; 4. technical analysis determining the state of preservation; 5. estimation of value; 6. programme of conservation work made upon the basis of points 2-5; 7. the realization of conservation (restoration) work and its documentation; 8. planning of new doors in historical buildings. A serious and frequently encountered error is to display unfinished carpentry work even in those cases when originally it was painted. In cases of a necessary planning of new doors, one should resign from reconstruction unless it is required by the extant interior.

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1991
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 269-277

Dates

published

1991

Contributors

author

Tajchman Jan

• Prof. dr hab. arch., Instytut Zabytkoznawstwa i Konserwatorstwa Wydział Sztuk Pięknych UMK w Toruniu

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247